How To Gut Telecommunicafions Costs
$3.00
November 1986 Issue 7^ Vol. 8, No. 1 1
®
S4 25 Canada
02193
ISSN 01<?d-357X
COMPUTB
The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing
A Hands-On Look At The New Apple IIGS Computer
!^S*s^
We iust did something only tite best can do! We made our award winning* software for tiie Commodore ^^ 128 and 64 computers even better!
Introducing...
Pocket Writer 2
word processor Pocket Planner 2
spreadsheet Pocket Filer 3
database
New Features
Our new Pocket 2 series offers features usually found only in much more sophisticated applications software. Features that include: com potability with the new GEOS operating system t, ability to work with the Commodore RAM expander to allow a RAM disk, mouse support with pull down menus, 1571 burst mode for faster file loading, increased support for two single disk drives, automatic configuration for screen color, format and printer selection t-
Sophisticated software, yes, and still easy to use. You can be up and running in under 30 minutes even if you haven't operated a computer before.
2 Programs in 1
Now, when you upgrode your Commodore™ 64 to a 128, Pocket software helps make it a breeze. The new Pocket 2 software has both 128 and 64 applicotions on the some disk. So when you buy one you are actuolly buying two software packages. The cost only $59.95 (U.S.).
6 Programs in 1
The 180% Solution saves you money! You can buy all three Pocket 2 applications. Pocket Writer 2, Pocket Planner 2 and Pocket Filer 2 in one convenient Superpak for the low price of only $99.95 (U.S.). A super way to discover all the integrated features of Pocket 2 software and save almost eighty dollars.
As a companion to Pocket Writer 2, a Dictionary Disk containing 32,000 words (expandable to 40,000) is available. The cost $14.95 (U.S.).
For those of you who have already discovered the many benefits of owning Pocket software; we offer all registered ownersan upgrade to Pocket 2 software for only $19.95 (U.S.) plus 3.00 (U.S.) shipping and handling! Available only by writing to Digitol Solutions Inc.
Pocket Writer 3 WordPncesior in addition to Iho new leolures above...
Spelling Checker incorporafed in program {requires Q drctionofydisk)
Spelling Checker now runs over 300% faster Ihan in originol Pocket usEtware
Word wrap is now fully outomatict
Ability to move columns
Go To page number fai finding informa- tion in long textst
Fully automatic upper and lower ca^e type conversion!
Enhonced Delete process for word, line or paragraph
Ward Count feature for essays ond assignmenlst
Enhanced spltt memory moil merge option
Pocket Manner 2 ^Mvodilioet In addilen to the new feature* abeve...
Individuol column width selection now
ovoilablet Multiple files in memory with cut and
poste copabllity
Serious Software Thafs Simple to Use
Able to print mothemolicol formulae os
well 05 results of colculations t Global formatting option Enhonced row/column insert deletet Logarithmic ond XY graphing capability Increased fife compotobifity with other
spreodsheetst Number of rows increased from 99 to 250t
Pocket FHer a Database bi adifitian to the new feoliirei above...
Dynamic colcutations during data entry Intelligent re entry to enter/edit mode Eosier file conversion from other softworet Automatic index updating for constantly
sorted filet Enhanced mathematical language
including loops ond lobelst High speed sort using dynamic bufferingt Automatic entry of repetative dotot
" Commodore's Microcomputers Mogoiine, independent reviewers, rated the original Pocket Writer 128/64 and Pocket Planner 128/64 software the "Annual Best of 1986" in tfie productivity cotegory.
Commodore ib □ regHrered trpdemork of Commodore Business Machines Ire.
tfeatures ovoiloble for Commodore fi4TM,
e W86 Digitol Solution, Inr.
Superpak:
The SoluKan Tlurt
Saves Money!
Pocket Writer 2, Pocket Planner 2 ond
Pocket Filer 2 together Convenient; get all three integrated
opplications at once 128/64 software on same disks Economical; S 179.85 (U.S.) worth of
software for only
$99.95 (U.S.)
Pocket Writer DicHonary
Makes Spelling Checkerfosterond
simpler to use More convenient than developing
personal disk S2,000 words availoble Expondoble to 40,000 words
IngiofT. Ccrcacfa lid-
Moil orden.
Cryrtol Computer Inc. inM»chiQ<in l-5t7.224-7&67 outwdeWichigon 1 900-245-7316
Infernoft'onal Disfribufor Enquiries to:
Digital Solutions f/ ln<.
2-30 Wertheim Court
m
Richmond Hill, Ontario Canado L4B 1B9
Telephone (416) 731-8775
Telex 06-964501 Fax (416) 731-8915
t>.
The Best Just Got BeHer
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One for all.
Affordable, Compatible, and Full-Color Capable!
Besides being the one printer for all the PC's pictured above, the OKI MATE' 20 is also the one for all your printing needs.
Want to spruce up your homework with colorful charts and graphs? The OKIMATE 20 is for you.
Need crisp "Near Letter Quality" printing for business correspondence?
The OKIMATE 20 is for you.
Maybe you want expanded or fine print, italics, underlining, superscripts, or subscripts? You guessed it. the OKIMATE 20 is for you. too.
In fact, no matter what you have in your PC. you can put it on paper with the OKIMATE 20.
With this versatile printer you
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also get such high-end features as built-in type fonts, a 24 -element printhead and the ability to make transparencies for overheads.
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Registered Trademarks: OKIDATA Oki Amer ita. Inc , Marqw deposee OVi America Im PLUG N. PRINT Oh America Inc . OKIMATE. OM V^H^Tic \titi\imv Company, Ltd Comrr^odore Sftd Commodore W, CommodOfe Elecironics, Ud Apple. Apple Computer. Inc.; IBM. Inlernauonal Business M^rhines Corp , Aiart, Atari Inc Trademarks Amiga. Com rrodore- Amiga Inc PCjr InlernaTiona] Bustness Machines Corp
COMPUTE
NOVEMBER 1 986 VOLUME 8 NUMBER 1 1 ISSUE 78
FEATURES
16 The New Apple IIgs
26 Cutting Telecommunications Costs
33 Online Update
36 X'Press Information Service:
Tine Cable TV and Personal Computer Connection . , , Kathy Yakoi 38 Biker Dave David Scinwener
David D. Thornburg
Kathy Yakal
. . . Selby Boteman
GUIDE TO ARTICLES AND PROGRAMS
AT/PC/PCjr/64/AM
REVIEWS
67 Hacker It: The Doomsday Papers
Nell Randall
68 Chessmaster 2000 James V. Trunzo
70 The Music Studio for Amiga and Atari ST .
Stefan Lipson
AP/PC/AM/Mac/
ST/64
AP/AM/AT/ST/
64/PC/Mac
AM/ST
COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS
4 The Editor's Notes
8 Readers' Feedback The Editors and
30 Telecomputing Today: The SIG Wars
31 CompuServe and Public Domain
65 HOTWARE: Software Best Sellers
66 Microscope
83 Computers and Society:
Whatever Happened to Logo?
84 The World Inside the Computer:
Computer Pop-up Books
85 ST Outlook:
BASIC Slide Show for NEOchrome and DEGAS 87 The Beginner's Page: More About PRINTing . , , ,
90 INSIGHT: Atari— Your Roving Reporter
91 IBM Personal Computing: Columns Revisited , , ,
Robert C, Lock
Readers of COMPUTE! , , , . Arlan R, Levitan Selby Bateman
, , . . Sheldon Leemon
, , David D. Thornburg
Fred D'ignazio
. . , Philip I. Nelson
C, Regena
. , , , Bill Wilkinson Donald B. Trivette
ST
*
AT
PC
THE JOURNAL
61 Atari Sound Commander . , , James Hague
72 Unnew Dennis J. Jarvis and Michael L. Zinlcola
75 EDIT for Apple II E, Joseph Billo and Richard A, DeJordy
76 SpeedView:
An 80-Column Preview Program for SpeedScript . . Mark Schreiner
78 Commodore 1 28 Machine Language, Part 4 Jim Butterfield
81 64 RAM Expander Alton C. Williams
92 CAPUTEI Modifications or Corrections
to Previous Articles
93 COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In Programs 96 COMPUTEI's Author's Guide
104 Advertisers Index
TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line 800-247-5470 (In lA 800-532-1272)
AT
128/64
AP
64
128
64
NOTE; See poge 93 before typing In programs.
AP Apple, Mac Macintosh. AT Atari. ST, Atari ST. 44 Commodore W, -1-4 Commodore Plus/a. 16 Commodore 16, 1 26 Commodore 128, P PET/CBM. PC IBM PC, PCjr IBM PCjr, AM Amiga, "Genefol Interest,
COMPUTE! Publicationsjnc,®
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One of the ABC Publlthlng Companlet
ABC Publishing, President, Robert G, Burton
1330 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New Vork 10019
COMPUTEI The Journal for Progressive Compuling (USPS: 537250) is published monthly by COMPUTE! Publications. Inc., 825 7th Ave,. New York, NY 10019 USA. Phone: (212) 265-8360. Editorial Offices are located at 324 West Wendover Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27408. Domestic Subsoiptions: 12 issues, S24. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: COMPUTEI Magazine, P,0. Box 10955, Des Moines, lA 50950. Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 27403 and addi- tional mailing offices. Endre contents copvrieht ©1986 by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All riehts reserved, ISSN 0194-357X. r, o ^
Editor's Notesi
David Thornburg's recent comments on piracy have evoked some stimulating reader responses. We generally have found, over the years, that those who scream the loudest about their right to steal software exhibit some pretty con- voluted logic. Example: The company who makes it charges too much for it. Solution: This makes it okay to copy? The list goes on. We've quoted here from a letter that we feel provides an excellent example of some not-so- legitimate concerns. Although the au- thor failed to include a name or address, we'd like to comment on some of his or her remarks.
...I feel that the software companies are making out like bandits. They charge outrageous amounts for programs that are not worth the money that is charged.
A more traditional belief in our society has upheld the theory of the free market rather than free theft. The free-market theory argues that a vendor who gouges, or delivers less than true value for one's dollar, will eventually be caught up with by the marketplace. Here's another novel argument our friend advances:
.../ support pirating and have on tap possibly 600 disks for both the Apple and IBM XT...[If]...I had to pay for them I would have more money in the software than I do in my house. And this is over $300,000...
This one's great. The logical exten- sion of this argument is that we should collectively become a community of thieves. Given our need for software, and what apparently has become an inherent right to possess software, the solution to the expense of collecting it becomes pure thievery. The rest of us are fortunate that this same logic hasn't begun to be applied to houses and cars. Now we're getting to the real heart of the arguments.
We've covered the justifications of overcharging, in various guises, and now turn to the converse;
...do not give me that it hurts the developer of the code. All companies and corporations buy hundreds — if not thou- sands of copies of the program at the price (if not higher) that the publisher asks for.
In other words, either the software company already makes enough mon- ey, or it has already factored individual
theft into its corporate sales. This is logic similar to the present arguments over liability insurance. Eventually ev- erything has some impact, positive or negative, on the individual consumer.
Software piracy, and theft, cannot have a beneficial impact. As an activity generally shielded by, for example, one's right to privacy, enforcement of software rights is quite difficult. It's one of those areas where there's a gray area between community standards en- forced by fear of exposure and commu- nity standards enforced by one's own sense of duty to that community. We personally feel that is the response to our friend's final remark,
...('/ the software industry wishes me to buy and use software legally, they must give me more reason to, other than the pity stories of the developers losing money.
Every time we mention something related to software piracy, some reader raises the question, "How can you run advertisements for software designed to help users copy protected disks if that's the way you feel?" There's one significant reason. We used to decline advertising that in any way promoted utilities designed for copying protected software. After the copyright law was amended to allow for a soft- ware owner's right to make and store a backup of software, we amended our policy to support that notion, In short, we accept such advertising when it sub- scribes to those purposes supported in the copyright law. We refuse and rou- tinely reject piracy-oriented advertis- ing. There's a sense of semantic jousting with windmills here that's in- escapable under the circumstances, simply because we can't avoid the fact that some people will use legitimate backup programs to make duplicate copies for nonlegitimate users of a product. There is no doubt in our minds that such use can only be described as theft, regardless of the various argu- ments, such as those above, raised to support it. On the other hand, we feel quite strongly that a user has a full right to make and keep a backup. Some com- panies have attended to this by provid- ing users with a backup. Others have chosen to avoid copy-protection alto-
gether. Still others have made provision for obtaining a backup. In short, we support the notion of having access to a backup. We don't support the notion of using that need to justify distribution of the software.
In this case perhaps we should ask the question, "When is the media the message?" That seems to be the heart of a recent debate over CompuServe's ex- ercise of its right to limit distribution of software that is undeniably public do- main software. The more heated propo- nents of the public domain position argue that CompuServe is somehow appropriating the public domain prod- ucts. Ws think this is an oversimplifica- tion, and as CompuServe points out, it is in fact attempting to promote and assist the utilization of such software by its subscribers. Understandably enough, CompuServe is not trying to promote and disseminate such software to those who are not subscribers. Seems fair enough. You'll find a couple of sometimes contrasting points of view on pages 30 and 31,
Until next time, enjoy your COMPUTE!.
Robert C. Lock Editor in Chief
We welcome Sheldon Leemon and his new column, "Micro- scope," to the pages of COM- PUTE!. Microscope will focus on industry news and what's on the horizon in the world of micro- computers. Sheldon, a free-lance author based in Michigan, has written two COMPUTE! books— Mapping the Commodore 64 and Inside Amiga Graphics — and co- authored COMPUTEI's Atniga- DOS Reference Guide; MacTalk: Telecomputing on the Macintosh; and COMPUTEI's Telecomputing on the IBM. The column debuts on page 66 in this issue.
4 COMPUTE! November 1986
Best Selling Word Processing Package"- billboards computersoftoare chart-
paperclip II
FOR THE COMMODORE 128
■ Compatible with C-G4 PaperClip files; the natural choice for C- 128 upgrades
■ Includes integrated 38,000-word spelling checker
■ Built-in telecommunications module: access on-line services, incorporate on-line data in your work, and send text to other users
■ New editing features include multiple columns, reverse video scroll, chaptering, powerful macros
■ Maximum document size expanded to 999 lines
PAPERCLIP FOR THE APPLE lie, c
■ Insert/Delete, Move & Copy, Cut & Paste, Global Search & Replace
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■ Unique new capabilities for Apple: dual text windows, automatic text protection, macro commands and more
PAPERCLIP
FOR ATARI HOME COMPUTERS
(WITH SPELLPACK FOR THE 130 XE)
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■ Fully- integrated SpeliPack spelling checker on the same disk
■ 36000 words in the SpeliPack dictionary plus you can add thousands more
■ Memoiy-resident for speed and convenience: no need lo quit the word processor to check
a document
PAPERCUP with SPELLPAK FOR THE COMMODORE 64
■ Built-in spelling checker
■ All the high-productivity text editing features
■ Move, Copy, Insert, Delete — words, sentences or entire blocks of text
■ Macro power: define & store up to 52 repetitive words/phrases, then enter them with just one keystroke
■ Includes 80-column Print Preview display, requires no extra hardware
■ Sophisticated Global Search & Replace, Mail Merge and Mailing Label functions
PAPERCLIP ELITE FOR THE ATARI ST and COMMODORE AMIGA
■ Go beyond word-processing, with idea processing, text/graphics integration, real-time spell checking, independenl variable columns and so much more. Look for PaperClip Elite. Coming soon.
"you can'tgo wrong choosing Paper Clip"
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"many features . . . easy to use"
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", . . the ultimate word processor
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"An excellent word processor . . , well designed . . . many advanced features."
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Integral Solutions
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Coming In Future Issues
Laser Strike: A Challenging Strategy Game For Atari ST, Commodore 64, Amiga, Atari, Apple, and IBM PC,
Fontier 128: Custom 80-Column Fonts For Commodore 1 28
3-D Amiga Graphics
Apple Printer Master
Access: Use All The Atari 130XE's Memory
Mail Merge And Word Count: Two Enhancements For Commodore 64 SpeedScript.
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Authors of manuscripts worrant that ait materials submitted to COMPUTEi are original materials with luii ownersnip rights resident in soid authors. By submitting articles to COMPUTEi. authors acknowledge that such moteriois. upon acceptance for publication, become the exclusive property of COMPUTEi Pubilcations. Inc. No portion o( this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents copyright © 1 966, COMPUTEi PuSiicotions. inc. I^ignts to programs developed ond submitted by authors are explained in our author contract Unsoiicited materials not accepted tor publication In COMPUTE! will be returned if cuthor provides o self-addressed, stamped enveiope. Programs (on tape or disl<) must accompony eoch submission Printed listings ore optional, but helpful Articles shouid be furnished os typed copy (upper- ond lowercase, please) with double spacing. Each page of your article should bear the title of the article, dote ond nome of the outhor COMPUTEI ossumes no iiobllity for errors in ortlcles or Qdvertisements Opinions expressed by authors are not necessarily those of COtyiPUTEt, PET. CSM, viC-20 and CommodOTe 64 ore trademarks of Cortirtiodore ATARI is o Irodemofk ot Atari. Inc.
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Apple IS a frodemortt of Aopie Computer Company Rodio Shack Color Computer is a troOeman< ot
IBM PC ond PCjr are trodemafts of international Busiraess Mochines. Inc Tondy. Inc
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Look for these boolcs at your local boolc or computer store.
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Call toll-free 1-800-346-6767 (in NY 212-887-8525).
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GUIDE TO THE
G N N E R 'S
COMPUTERS Beginners Guide to the Amiga
Dan McNeill
Written in a lively and entertaining style, this book teaches you everything a beginner needs to know to get started quickly with the Amiga from Commodore. You will learn about setting up the system, all the most popular types of software, and details about the hardware. SI 6.95 ISBN 0-87455-025-4
inside Amiga Graphics
Sheldon Leemon
The Amiga, Commodore's powerful new
computer, is an extraordinarily impressive graphics machine. Easy to use. the Amiga can produce color graphics and excellent animation. You'll find thorough descriptions of the computer's abilities and the hardware required to create a complete graphics system. Software. too, is central to the Amiga's power, and complete tutorials show you how to get the most from the machine. Ilune release! Si 6.95 ISBN 0-87455-040-8
COMPUTErs Kids and the Amiga
Edward H. Carlson
The latest in this bestselling series written by Edward Carlson, COMPUTEI's Kids and the Amiga, will acquaint you with BASIC. Over 30 sections— all with instructor notes, lessons, assignments, and lively illustrations — entertain and amuse you as you learn to program your new computer. Clear writing and concise examples make it easy for anyone — children and adults alike — to painlessly learn BASIC. IMay releasel Si 4.95 ISBN 0-87455-048-3
Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery after your order Is received.
COMPUTE! Publications Jnc,®
Pan of ABC Consum^f Mooozines- mc ^^^r
One of ma <VBC PuD<nri(ng Cofvioan.ies
S55 7tn Avenue. 6Tn Floor. New voiV. ^v )0019
COMPUTE! books are available \n the U.K., Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from Holt Saunders, Ltd., i St, Anne's Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN2I 3UN. England, and in Canada from McGraw-Hill, Ryerson Ltd,. 330 Progress Ave.. Scarborough, Ontario. Canada MIP 115.
f^Z^^ *D€BCO>*m
"^w
^
Readers Feedback
^^
"he Editors and Reoders of COMPUTE!
// you have any questions, comments, or suggestions you would like to see ad- dressed in this column, write to "Readers' Feedback." COMPUTE!, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. Due to the volume of mail we receive, we regret that we cannot provide personal answers to tech- nical questions.
Overseas Computing
I would very much appreciate an au- thoritative answer to my questions, I plan to purchase a Commodore 128 computer with 1902 monitor, 1571 dislc drive, Datassette, printer, and joysticks. This set will be used in Poland where the power supply frequency is 50 hertz and the voltage is 220 volts AC. I can obtain a suitable step-down transform- er to convert the voltage to 110 volts, but the frequency will be unchanged. Will this system work correctly with 50- hertz current?
I have visited numerous dealers in the New York City area. Some say that this equipment will work in Europe, others say that it won't work, and oth- ers simply don't know. My letter to Commodore has not been answered. I can easily purchase all of these items in Western Europe, but would prefer to buy them here and ship them to Po- land. At the current exchange rates, this system will cost roughly twice as much in Europe as it does in the U.S.
M. H. Trenker
Chairman, Dept. of Surgery
Medical School
Gdansk, Poland
Though your question pertains lo Commo- dore computers, the answer i$ generally the same for all U.S. computer systems. It is possible to use a step-down transformer to achieve the proper operating voltage, but you need to be sure that you do get a high-quality transformer. The small "voltage converter" units available for running hair dryers and such are not an acceptable substitute. However, the transformer may not solve all the prob- lems of using a U.S. system overseas.
The most significant hurdle is that Europe and North America use different video standards. Televisions and monitors generate video displays by repeatedly drawing a series of horizontal lines across
the screen, one under the other. Comput- ers using the European (PAL) standard generate a frame of 312 lines redrawn 50 times per second, while those using the North American (NTSQ standard produce a frame of 262 lines redrawn 60 times per second. The Commodore 64 and 128 han- dle scan-line differences by providing two different versions of the VIC-Jl video chip — one for NTSC and one for PAL The drawing rate is determined by an internal quartz crystal, with different crystal fre- quencies used for NTSC and PAL systems. While we have no direct experience with the situation, it is our understanding that a complete U.S. system — with both the computer and monitor designed for NTSC — should work in Europe if provid- ed with the proper operating voltage. However, it is not possible to intermix U.S. and European equipment. You can't hook a European (PAL) monitor or televi- sion to a U.S. (NTSC) computer, or a PAL computer to a NTSC monitor or television.
Disk drives are another area of con- fusion. Like that of the computer, the internal operating frequency of a Commo- dore drive is determined by a quartz crys- tal, and thus should not be affected by international variations in power-line frequency. However, the speed of the mo- tor which spins the disk may be affected. The older 1541 disk drives have a speed adjustment and a strobe pattern on the drive flywheel to allow adjustment for either 60-hertz (North American) power- line frequency or the 50 hertz used in most of Europe. The 1571 drives we have seen lack this adjustment, but it may not be necessary because the 1571 uses a more sophisticated type of motor.
Unless you plan to travel frequently between the U.S. and Europe, you may find it simpler to purchase equipment designed specifically for the environment where it will be used. We'd be interested in hearing about the experiences of any readers who have attempted to use their computers overseas.
Autobootlng ST Programs
In the June 1986 issue of COMPUTE!, you explained how to make an ST program autoboot (load and run when you turn on the computer) simply by putting the program in a disk folder named AUTO, I have used this method and it seems to
work for every program except 1ST Word, the word processor supplied with the ST, Is it possible to make this pro- gram autoboot? Also, I have tried to autoboot programs in medium resolu- tion with a color monitor. Can you tell me whether it's possible to autoboot a program in medium instead of low resolution?
Raymond Norris
As part of the boot process (caused when you turn on the power, press the reset button, or unplug the video cable) the ST checks the disk in the drive to see whether it contains a folder named AUTO. If so, it loads and runs the first program in AUTO which ends with the filename extension .PRG. These steps are performed by the BIOS (Basic Input /Output System) before the computer boots GEM, the ST's visual- ly oriented operating system interface. Since you can't run a GEM program with- out GEM, you can't autoboot any program that takes advantage of GEM's windows, menus, icons, and mouse. Under ordinary circumstances, autobooting works only with TOS or TTP (TOS-Takes-Parameters) programs, which are limited to conven- tional text, keyboard, and input/output operations.
The answer to your second question involves the boot process as well. When it does a cold start, the ST defaults to low resolution for a color system or to high resolution for a monochrome system. If it can't find a .PRG program in an AUTO folder, the computer boots GEM and even- tually looks for a file named DESKTOP- .INF. The DESKTOP.INF file (created with the Save Preferences option) records the screen resolution, color palette, and much additional information about the desktop. If DESKTOP.INF is found, the ST reads it and sets the desktop to match your stored preferences. When you autoboot, however, the computer transfers control to the designated program before it has a chance to read DESKTOP.INF. As a re- sult, you are always in low resolution after autobooting unless the program itself resets the video display for medium reso- lution. Low resolution is also in effect if the system finds neither an autobooting program nor a DESKTOP.INF file.
Other parts of the boot process check whether a cartridge is present or the disk contains a special boot sector. If either
6 COMPUTEl November 1986
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SUPER SUNDAY-PLAY THE
GREATEST SUPER BOWL TEAMS OF ALL TIME, Expansion season disks available separately— Apple' II series, IBM' PC & compatibles (color graphics board required) and Commodore' 64/128. S35
SPITFIRE '40- WWII flight game and simulator. Available for Commodore 64/t28. $35
IWACBETH— Text and graphics adventures, covering four different parts of Shal<espeare's play. For Commodore 64/128. S25
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MISSION Or^ THUNDERHEAD-
An intergalactic scavenger hunt — an arcade adventure. Available for Apple II series, Atari 8-bit and C64yi28, $25
UNDER FIREI-A Complete WWII Taclical Combat Simulation— receiving unanimous rave reviews! For Apple II series. Expansion disks available separately. $59.95
GULF STRIKE— Intense award- winning wargame of modern warfare in the Middle East. Available for Atari® 8-bit, Apple II series, C64/128, IBM PC & compatibles (color graphics board required). $30
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Like learning how to type. Keeping the family books. Or making your own toys and printing your own party invitations.
At BrcJderbund, we've become famous for software that not only seems to transform your computer, but does it with a sense of style, adventure and fun that quite simply makes you feel great about what you can accomplish with your computer.
This fall, our exciting releases include entries in our Productivity, Entertainment, Creativity and Hobbies & Pursuits series.
And just wait until you get one home.Youll swear you got a new computer. .
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The Lau people have a slight problem. Out of control social misfits called Breakers. Help!
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A complete guide to party planning and entertaining with food. Includes menus, recipes and shopping lists.
A mystery educational adventure where you're the detective and the whole USA is your beat.
'IBM
Y PE !
The latest research meets the computer. You learn to type quickly, accurately and for keeps.
On Balance
The easiest way to handle the money side of life. -
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An interactive geometry tutor with all the excitement of Macintosh graphics.
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© Br«(derbund Software, Inc. 17 Paul Drive, San Rafael, California 94903-2101
Apple, IBM, Commodore and Atari are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., International Business Machines Corp., Commodore Electronics, Ltd.
and Atari Corp., respectively. Macintosh is a trademark licensed to Apple Computer, he.
condition exists, control is diverted from the normal boot process to the machine language program found in the cartridge or the boot sector. Once this occurs, it's up to thai program to set the resolution as needed.
Applesoft B Commands
I am familiar with the Applesoft BASIC commands LOAD, SAVE, and RUN. These commands sometimes show up in your magazine with the letter B in front. What do these commands do? Bruce Meulendyke
BSAVE, BIOAD, and BRUM are used to save, load, and run binary files. A binary file often consists of a machine language program, but it can also cojUain other data such as a screen image. Here's the syntax for BSAVE:
BSAVE filename, Aaddress, Llength, Sslot, Ddrive, Vvolume
BS^E saves the contents of a desig- nated memory area to a disk file. Every BSAVE command must include at least three parameters: a filename, the letter A followed by the starting address of the memory area you wish to save (add a $ after the A if you supply the address value in hexadecimal), and the letter L followed by the length of the area to save (you can also add a $ after the L to supply the length value in hexadecimal). The last three parameters (S followed by a slot number, D followed by a drive number, and V followed by a volume number) are optional. (The volume number parameter is valid for DOS 3.3 only.) Here's the syntax for BIOAD:
BLOAD filename, Aaddress, Sslot, Ddrive, Vvolume
BIOAD loads a binary file from disk into the computer's memory. Only the filename parameter is mandatory. The other parameters take the same format as for BSAVE (indicate hexadecimal numbers with a $). If you supply a load address, BLOAD loads the binary file into the des- ignated memory area. If the address is omitted, the computer loads the file into the same area it was saved from. Note that you needn't specify the file's length: The computer simply loads until it reaches the end of the file. Here's the syntax for BRUN:
BRUN filename, Aaddress, Sslot, Ddrive, Vvolume
BRUN assumes that the binary file contains a machine language program. It performs a BLOAD of the designated file, then starts the program by performing a JMP to the beginning of the file. Just as with BLOAD, the address, slot, drive, and (for DOS 3.3) volume parameters are op- tional. BRUN offers a very convenient way to load and run a machine language
program, since you don't need to know where the program goes in memory. Some other computers (the Commodore 64, for instance) require that you start an ML program with a SYS to the correct address after you've loaded it.
Atari DOS Mystery
After reading "Atari Disk Speedup," ("Readers' Feedback," November, 1985), I POKEd off the verify function and created a new copy of DOS 2.5 with this enhancement, Shortly there- after I noticed that any file 1 save to disk has angle brackets (<>) on either side of the filename in the DOS directory. Is this normal?
Mark A. Jossart
DOS 2.5 uses angle brackets around a filename to indicate that that file cannot be accessed by the old DOS 2.0. This is only important if you boot up luith DOS 2.0 (a single-density DOS) and want to use a file on your DOS 2.5 (enhanced-derisity) disk.
It's possible that your POKE and the angle brackets are unrelated. If you have used more than 710 sectors of your disk, it is likely that you have no problem. There's a chance, however, that you have con- fused DOS. To be safe, you might try booting up with an unmodified copy of DOS 2.5 and using the WRITE DOS op- tion on your problem disk. Of course, you should always perform any changes to DOS on a copy of the master disk, not the master disk itself
If you have the SETUP.COM file which comes with DOS 2.5, load it from the DOS menu with the L option. This is the preferred way to make the change. Otherwise, here is the POKE:
POKE 1913,80
Use the WRITE DOS option to save the change.
Disguised input In BASIC
I have a Commodore computer and am writing a program with a code system. When I type in the code, anyone stand- ing nearby can see it. Is there a way to replace each character in the code with an X or any other letter in order to disguise the code? 1 have noticed that 24 -hour bank machines use this meth- od to hide their customers' codes.
Michael Hamm
This simple routine waits for you to enter the word JUJUBE. Though it's written for Commodore computers, only slight modi- fications are needed to convert it for any computer with Microsoft BASIC. Use the DEL key to erase mistakes; input termi- nates when you press RETURN.
10 O0DE$=" JUJUBE"
20 B5 = "" J PRINT "ENTER PASSWORD"
30 GET X5:IF X$=" "THEN 30
40 IF X$=CHR5(20) AND LEN(B5)>
0 THEN PRINT X5;:B5=I'EFT
$(B$,LEN(B$)-1) jGOTO 40 50 IF X5=CHR$(20) THEN 30 60 IF X$<>CHR?(13) THEM PRINT"
X"; !B?=B$+X?iGOT0 30 70 IF B?<>C0DE5 THEN PRINT :PRI
NT "INVALID CODE"sGOTO 2
0 80 PRINT "WELCOME"
IBM BASIC Versions
I would like to know the difference between IBM BASIC and BASICA.
Glenn Kupsch, Jr.
IBM has created four different versions of BASIC for the PC and PCjr. They are known as cassette BASIC, disk BASIC, advanced BASIC (BASICA), and cartridge BASIC. Cassette BASIC is the simplest version. It resides in 32K of ROM and does not permit any disk commands or graphics other than plain text. If you boot up a PCjr without a BASIC cartridge, it activates cassette BASIC automatically. Cassette BASIC is rarely used on the PC, since few, if any, PCs were sold without a disk drive (in fact, the PC XT doesn't have a cassette port at all). However, you can activate cassette BASIC on the PC by booting the computer without a disk in the drive.
Disk BASIC must be loaded from disk, and requires at least 32K of RAM as well as a disk drive. Disk BASIC includes the commands in cassette BASIC as well as a timer function and support for RS-232 communications and two additional printers. BASICS, or advanced BASIC, is the most comprehensive version of IBM BASIC for the PC. It requires 48K of RAM and a disk drive. In addition to the disk BASIC commands, BASICA supports event trapping, which lets you mottitor several different kinds of events (key- board, joystick, light pen, timer, and RS- 232 activity) in the background. Music and advanced graphics operations are also made available through commands such as PLAY, CIRCLE, PUT, GET, PAINT, and DRAW.
If you boot up a PCjr with a BASIC cartridge, the computer activates car- tridge BASIC — an enhanced version of BAS/C4 which supports the PCjr's extra features. In addition to most BASICA commands, cartridge BASIC offers extra screen modes and new graphics com- mands such as PCOPY, PALETTE, and PALETTE USING.
You can tell what version of BASIC you're using by looking at the version identifier in the BASIC startup message. The identifier C stands for cassette; D stands for disk; A stands for advanced BASIC; and J stands for cartridge BASIC (the J signifies junior). Some versions of IBM BASIC have gone through one or
12 COMPUTE! Nov©mt»rl986
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Now you can learn to type quickly, accurately and for keeps. Learning to type is
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Because TYPE! is the first product to take full advantage of extensive research on how people learn to type, and combine that with the full potential of your computer
The result? A leam-to-type program that is equally effective for business professionals and students, beginners and advanced typists.
Among other things, TYPE! combines advanced diagnostics and continuous monitoring, then customizes drills to your individual errors so that now you can learn to type quickly, accurately and for keeps.
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© Brrfderbund Software, liic„17.Paul Drive,. San Rafael, California 94903-2101
Apple, IBM and Commodore are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., International Business
Machines Corp. and Commodore Eectr.pnics, ltd., respectively.
more revisions. The number after the identifier tells you which revision you are using. For instance, cassette BASIC on the PCjr is Version C1.20, while the PCjr's cartridge BASIC identifies itself as Ver- sion Jl.OO, indicating that cassette BASIC was revised twice but cartridge BASIC has not yet been revised.
With minor exceptions, the more ad- vanced versions of IBM BASIC under- stand all the commands in simpler versions. Thus, most cassette BASIC or disk BASIC programs run with BASICA on the PC or cartridge BASIC on the PCjr. But the reverse is not necessarily true. The PCOPY command, for example, is unique to cartridge BASIC, so it's not available in any other version. One exception to the general rule of upward compatibility ap- pears in cartridge BASIC, which doesn't support the SHELL command found in both disk BASIC and BASICA.
Certain BASIC statements also re- quire extra hardware. On the PC, a serial interface card is required for RS-232 com- munications, and a color /graphics card is necessary for color graphics. On the PCjr, you must have an internal modem in order to use telecommunications pro- grams or the built-in terminal emulator (activated with the command TERM).
The PC and PCjr know whether you have the hardware needed to support spe- cial BASIC commands. If you attempt to
use RS-232 or graphics features without the right hardware, the computer re- sponds with the error message Illegal function call or Device unavailable. In other cases, BASIC informs you that you're trying to do the impossible. Disk BASIC, for example, generates the error message Advanced feature when you at- tempt to execute a statement found only in BASICA.
The PCjr is a special case when it comes to booting BASIC. Since it's de- signed for cartridge BASIC, it intercepts any attempt to boot other versions from disk. When you type BASIC or BASICA at the DOS prompt, the PCjr ignores your request and activates cartridge BASIC in- stead. However, there's a simple trick that allows you to run BASICA on the PCjr (to take advantage of the SHELL command, for instance). Simply copy BASICA onto a disk and rename it as BASICB; then type BASICB from the DOS prompt. Actually, any letter will do in place of the A in BASICA, By renaming disk BASIC as BA- SICD (or anything other than BASIC err B/lS/CAj you can also run that version of BASIC on the PCjr.
Saving Atari Graphics
I am writing a drawing program in BASIC for the 130XE. I would like to add the screens I create to my BASIC
programs, but I don't know how to save
and retrieve the finished pictures on disk in various GRAPHICS modes, in- cluding the new 672 and 7V2 modes. I hope you can help.
A. Rosamilia
Here's one way to do it. This program is taken from the book Mapping the Atari, written by Ian Chadwick and published by COMPUTE! Books.
1000 SCREEN=PEEK(83)+PEEK{99)*
256 1010 OPEN #2,8,0, "DiPICTURENAM
E" 1020 FOR TV=SCREEN TO SCREEN + N:BYTE=PEEK(TV) :PUT #2,
BYTE:NEXT TVtCLOSE #2
This program copies the screen to a disk file. You must first set N in line 1040 to the number of bytes you need to save. Use the chart below to determine the value of N.
Graphics Full Split
mode screen acrecn
7 4200 4190
14 4270 4296
15 8112 8138
To retrieve your screen, use this pro- gram segment:
2000 SCREEtI=PEEK(88)+PEEK(89)*
256 2010 OPEN #2,4,0, "DiPICTURENAM
E"
Infocom introduces fburnewgain
Infocom,™ the ci-azy people who brought you "Zork"® and "The Hitchhikei-'s Guide to the Galaxy,"™ has a habit of coming up with games that add a new dimension to interactive fiction. And the best keeps getting bet- ter. Case in point: "Leather God dessesofPhobos."™ It has a scratch n' sniff card and a 3-d comic book to excite all your senses. Once your interest is
piqued, you'll embai'k on a rowdy romp through the solai' system. ITiis hilaiious spoof of 1930's pulp science fiction has 3 "naughtiness levels," for the pmde to the lewd. "Leather Goddesses" is sure to amuse members of either sex.
One's really warped.
Then there's "T^Tnity."™ It answers the question of whether a game can be both light-heaiied
and profound. You journey thi'ough a time wai*p into a mis- chievous fantasy wwld where all atomic explosions are mysteri- ously connected. "Trinity^* takes you back to the dawn of the atomic age and puts the course of histoiT in your hands.
One's a real circus.
It has been said that the di'cus is the only really mysteri- thing left in civilization. One thing's for sui^e, there is plenty of mystery in "Ballyhoo."^" While tiyingto locate the cii'cus ownei''s Md- napiDed daughter, you are somersaulted into a three- ring world of deception and crime. To solve the crime
ous
2020 FOR TV=SCREEN TO SCREEN + N;GET #2,BYTE:PQKE TV.B YrE:NEXT TV:CLOSE #2
These programs use the GET and PUT commands, which are used to com- municate with input/output devices like the disk drive. Your letter uses the terms GRAPHICS 6% and GRAPHICS /'A. These names became popular during the reign of ATARI 400 and 800 computers, when these modes were not available di- rectly from BASIC. ATARI XL/XE com- puters call these modes 14 and 15. To set up mode JVi, just use the command GRAPHICS 15.
Dvorak Keyboard Update
Here is some follow-up information for the COMPUTE! reader who was interest- ed in converting his Commodore 64 to a Dvorak keyboard {"Readers' Feed- back," August, 1986). There are many products available for the 64 and other computers, ranging from inexpensive keycap overlays and emulation soft- ware to complete replacement key- boards and ROM upgrades. I'm sorry that you discouraged the reader by quoting the BYTE article from February, 1986. That article investigated only one topic — finger travel — and its results are controversial. The authors used a com- pute: simulation, which is error-prone
because of the assumptions inherent in any such program. In response to the article, a top English keyboard expert (Professor Hisao Yamada, University of Tokyo) noted that several factors influ- ence the results when measuring finger travel, and it is very difficult to get accurate measurements.
It is a combination of factors, not any single factor, that makes Dvorak superior in the view of myself and oth- ers. According to a controlled study by the U.S. government, Dvorak can result in a 74-percent productivity increase over the qwerty method. It can be learned in less time, finger travel is less (how much less is controversial, but it is clearly less), and Dvorak results in higher speed and accuracy. If any of your readers want more information on the Dvorak method, including a list of products available for personal com- puters, please send a self-addressed, legal-size envelope with 39 cents in postage to me at the following address. I will also enclose a free copy of the "Dvorak Developments Newsletter."
Randy Cassingham, Editor
Dvorak Developments Newsletter
P.O. Box 1895
Upland, CA 91785
Thank you for offering this additional information.
Reversing Spe&dScrlpt
Until recently, many of coMPUTEi's for- eign readers could not use SpeedScript because their languages use a different form of letters. That problem was solved by Charles Brannon's "Speed- Script Fontmaker" (COMPUTE!, January 1986), which allows you to create your own custom character set. I'm sure that this program has made it possible for a large number of foreign readers to use this superb word processor. There are, however, some readers who still can't use SpeedScript — those from Israel and the Arabic countries. In those lan- guages, writing proceeds from right to left, so a word processor whose cursor moves left to right is of little use. Can you make another small step (at least, I think it's small) and add a subroutine which permits us to write either from right to left or left to right?
Dov Ratzman
You're correct in your suspicion that the problem isn't as simple as it first seems. The direction of writing is far from a mere cosmetic feature of SpeedScript; It's bound up with the fundamental structure of the program. To explain, at the heart of SpeedScript is a routine labeled Refresh, which redraws the entire screen display every time you press a key. In essence. Refresh scoops a screen-sized chunk of
IS. One really smells.
Every package includes an iniegra! set of props to excite your senses and enJiaiKe the game.
and save your hide from a per- manent spot in the freak show, you'll need to sti'etch youi' puzzle-solving skills to the limit.
One's really haunting.
Wrapping up this new quartet is a classic gotMc mystery set in a haunted castle on the mist- shrouded seacoast of Cornwall. In"Moonmist"™ you'll explore the darkest reaches ofTresyEian
Castle and get involved with an eccentiic cast of chai^ctei^, including British nobility, while trying to save your best friend ;s-^^ from a vengeful ghost. "Moon- mist" offers four distinctly differ- ent sets of clues, problems, solutions and hidden treasures. So you'll die to replay it again and again.
All four are easy to get.
Simply follow youi^ nose to your local software store today
mpocom
Formore information, call J-800-262-6868, x. 17C. Or writE to us at 125 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140.
ti InTttMm.Inc.Zori^isaregistertd Irademark and Bally- hoo,TVinily.Lesther Goddesses of PhobosMdMoomnist are liademarks of Infotom, Inc. The Hitchhiker's Guide to theGalajcy isa trademajkof Douglas Adams.
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text from the text portion of memory and displays it in the computer's screen mem- ory area.
SpeedScript's text memory begins immediately above the end of the program itself. As you type in more characters, the text grows upward into higher memory locations. Screen memory is also arranged sequentially, with lower memory loca- tions at the upper left corner of the screen and higher locations toward the bottom. A higher location in text memory corre- sponds to a higher location in screen memory. To display a screenful of text, SpeedScript moves characters one by one from a section of text memory into screen memory, automatically wrapping words which overlap the right screen border, until the entire screen is full. Since the Refresh routine is called so often, it must also be very fast.
To write from right to left, you would need to begin by rewriting the Refresh routine to display words in right to left order. Such a change destroys the simple, lower-lo-higher correspondence between text memory and screen memory. In itself, the modification isn't impossible. Howev- er, it would add significantly to the size and complexity of Refresh and slow the routine somewhat.
Once Refresh hod been rewritten, you would also need to rewrite all the routines that move the cursor from one character, word, sentence, or paragraph to another. Under the present scheme, mov- ing the cursor forward (right) moves you forward in the text, which corresponds to a higher location in both text memory and screen memory. In a right-to-left Speed- Script, moving the cursor forward (right) along a screen line would move you for- ward (higher) in text memory, but back- ward (lower) in screen memory. When you hit the end of the line, you would need to jump to a higher screen memory location, without changing your location in text memory, and begin working your way backward (down) to the next line. Word- wrap, in particular, becomes much more difficult to implement under such circumstances.
Of course, if text is displayed from right to left, you'll want to print it the same way. A surprisingly large portion of SpeedScript involves printed output — which includes printing to disk, tape, or the screen, as well as with a printer. Rewriting these routines creates the same type of difficulties outlined above.
In short, what seems like a small change adds up to a very ambitious pro- gramming project which would change the size and location of nearly every rou- tine in the program. In the past few years, we've published a number o/ SpeedScript enhancement programs such as "Speed- View" (elsewhere in this issue) and "SpeedCheck," the spelling checker (COM-
PUTEl's GAZETTE, December 1985). Those programs, and the various modifications which have appeared in this column, de- pend on the fact that you can find certain parts of SpeedScript at certain locations in memory. Modifying SpeedScript to display text from right to left would ren- der most, if not all, of those programs and enhancements useless.
Binary Number Converter
I am working on an Atari 800XL pro- gram that needs to convert a decimal number such as 255 to a binary digit such as 11111111. IF statements would work, but they seem very inefficient. Can this be done without IF statements? Danny Maupin
Here is a program that does quick deci- mal-to-binary conversions:
10 NDIG=8:DIM BIN$(NDIG)
20 PRINT "DECIMAL NUMBER";
30 INPUT DCH:GOSUB 10000
40 PRINT "BINARY: ■'; BIN?
50 GOTO 20
10000 PK=128:BIN5="":WUN=1
10010 FOR L00P=WUN TO NDIG
10020 LB=LEN(BIN?)-(-WUN
10030 B00=DCM>=PK
10040 BItJ?(LB) = CHR$(48-*-BOO)
10050 IF BOO THEN DCH=DCM-PK
10060 PK=PK/2
10070 NEXT LOOP
10080 RETURN
As listed, the program only converts numbers in the range 0-255. To expand its range to 0-65535, change the 8 in line 10 to 16 and the 128 in line 10000 to 32768.
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16 COMPUTE] November 1966
tn& their stoekiu^s with the pei*feet ^f t &!save
0o„«O. New Mucl,W_A,o,lS.AndAg^_.
COMPUTE!
Tho Leading
Maga!lnoO(Ho<™=,Edu€flltoMl,
This year, give gift subscriptions to Compute!. You'll not only make their holidays happy, you'll spread cheer all year. Because they'll remember your thoughtfulness every time they receive another fresh and exciting issue.
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It's so easy to give a gift of Compute!. A 1-year gift subscription (12 issues) is only $18. You save a full 50% off the $36 cover price and you won't be billed until after January 1st. At this Happy Holi- day rate, you can afford to make a lot of people happy — and wrap up your holiday shopping fast! An attractive gift card comes with each gift sub- scription. Happy Holidays to you.
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COMPUTB
The Leading Mogazrne Ol Home, Educational, And l^ecrealkKKil Computing
The New
Apple IIGS
David D. Thornburg Associote Editor
Apple's new IlGS computer is the lat- est— and strongest — addition to the company's "Apple I! Forever" cam- paign. Completely compatible with earlier Apple Us, the llGS offers ex- ceptional advances in both graphics and sound (hence, GS). With a new 16- bit microprocessor, 256K of RAM, and plenty of peripheral ports, the //GS redefines the Apple U series in some amazing ways — and He owners can easily upgrade their machines to the IlGS.
COMPUTE! Associate Editor David Thornburg has had a hands-on preview of the new Apple IlGS, and filed this report. Because of the im- portance of the lies, COMPUTE! Publications is running this article concurrently in COMPUTE! magazine and COMPUTEI's Apple Applica- tions Special.
18 COMPUra November 1986
It happens whenever a new com- puter hits the market. In a matter of weeks, sometimes days, you start to hear two criticisms.
It doesn't use the latest technol- ogy. That means the computer is compatible with earlier, similar ma- chines. You heard this when com- puters like the Apple lie, Commodore 128, and IBM PCjr were released.
There's no software for the com- puter. A bit harder to decipher, this means the machine uses some or all of the latest technology. The Mac- intosh, Commodore Amiga, and Atari ST fit this one.
Seems like a no-win situation, doesn't it? It was, until now.
Apple's recent announcement of the Apple IlGS, the latest addi- tion to its original line, puts both those criticisms to rest. The IlGS is first and foremost an Apple II, and as such it runs nearly all of the
Apple II software on the market today. Yet it's also a new computer that has its own advanced modes of operation — some of which eclipse the Macintosh in performance.
In short, the Apple IlGS is two machines in one — a product that bridges the gap between the Macin- tosh and Apple lie, and in so doing poses what may be serious compe- tition for the Commodore Amiga and the Atari ST series.
The Newest Apple
GS Stands for Graphics and Sound — areas where this computer is most noticeably different from its other Apple II namesakes.
Anyone who's worked with the older Il-series machines has had to contend with relatively primitive graphics and sound — capabilities that are a nostalgic remnant of 1970's technology. For instance, if two areas of the hi-res graphics
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Because of its versatility and compatibility, you can still use your Thomson monitor if you switch computers; you'll never outgrow the capabilities ofaThomson monitor.
Who is Thomson? Thomson is a six billion dollar multi-national company. Unlike our competition, we design and manufacture our own monitors; so the quality you get is constant and superb
Your Apple or Commodore computer is a great body Choose a Thomson monitor, and give it a beautiful face.
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A SIGHT FOR SORE EYES.™
© 1986 T/iomsvn Consamei Pmtfacis CorpoMian S731 W. Slauson Avenue. Suite III. Culver Citf, CA 30230
TliamaaisimtiemrksiTtmm^iiSAAffhhategistimllrsiimiitlilAllpkCm^lKlK.Cammdanistrsgiaiieilltaiemiii Atafiis3lf3^etngfitiffiIsri.lfic.iBM{ssm)f/iteredfrsiifffrieriofinIefmlm3fBitli/)essM3ct!inesCsrp.
screen were to be shaded with dtf- ferer\t colors, you had to be careM that the colors didn't "bleed." This further restricted an already small palette of colors, and made the Apple n pale in comparison to the eight-bit Atari and Corrunodore computers.
The built-in sound of the origi- nal II was even worse. There was only a speaker which could be "clicked" on and off by addressing a memory location. That some de- velopers were able to create speech synthesis as well as music through this primitive port is miraculous. More modern designs, like those in the Atari and Commodore ma- chines, provide dedicated sound processors that offer users control over the waveforms and envelopes of multivoice music.
In graphics and sound, Apple had a lot to overcome.
A Tremendous Choice Of Colors
The gap between the original Apple II and the competition grew wider and wider. Apple, after all, has sold the II in one permutation or another for nearly ten years.
The release of the IIGS does nothing to narrow the gap — it's just as wide as it ever was. Now, though, it's much of the competi- tion that's lagging behind Apple.
The IlGS graphics capabilities offer all the original Apple II modes (to retain compatibility with exist- ing software), as well as two new modes that promise to dominate the time and enthusiasm of soft- ware developers. These include a 320 X 200-pixel display mode that supports up to 16 different colors per scan line and a 640 X 200-pixel mode that supports 4 colors per scan line.
While these modes may not appear to be that much different from the original Apple II hi-res and double-hi-res modes, they are as different as night and day. The difference comes not so much from resolution (although that has im- proved) as from the fact that the color choices are picked from a pal- ette of 256 hues, each of which has 16 luminance (or brightness) levels. This gives you access to 4096 colors in all — a tremendous choice.
Apple also announced an ana- log RGB monitor that shows these colors in their best light. There are
20 COMPUTEI November 1986
The Apple JlGS computer, shown here with the AppleColor RGB monitor and 5'/4- inch drive, features 256K of RAM, high-resolution graphics, high-quality sound syn- thesis capabilities, and complete compatibility with existing Apple U software.
no restrictions on color placement. Color bleeding is gone forever.
The purity of the llGS color display has to be seen to be appreci- ated. Apple chose to use a noninter- laced screen and the resultant picture is very easy on the eyes.
One side effect of the 16 lumi- nance levels is the ability of the IlGS to display monochrome pictures with a true grey scale, rather than using halftoning techniques that trade off grey levels for resolution. As a result, digitized photographs look much better on the IlGS screen than they do on the Macintosh, where each pixel is either "on" or "off," black or white.
Of course, the independent control of hue and luminance is not new to the personal computer in- dustry— Atari was (to my knowl- edge) the first to introduce this scheme to personal computers.
An Ensoniq Sound Chip
If the IlGS graphics capabilities are good, the machine's sound capabil- ities are in a class by themselves. Rather than work with the (by now) ho-hum sound chips that provide simple ADSR (Attack, Decay, Sus- tain, Release) envelopes on sounds made from a small set of basic waveforms, the llGS uses a custom 32-oscillator chip from Ensoniq similar to the one used in the $1700 Mirage synthesizer. This chip is ca-
pable of generating 15 voices of music, allows excellent speech syn- thesis, accurately reproduces sam- pled sounds, and is provided with its own 64K of RAM so that music can be played in a background mode while other programs are running.
This chip alone justifies the price of the IlGS to many music fans and fanatics.
All This With A 6502?
One of the reasons that the 68000- based computers like the Macin- tosh, Atari ST, and Amiga have become so popular is because the older eight-bit chips were running out of steam — especially when pro- grammers wanted to create new user interfaces.
The designers of the IlGS knew the 6502 and its slightly bigger brother, the 65C02, were inade- quate for the task, but they wanted to maintain compatibility with the massive amount of available soft- ware on the market. The solution was to use the 65C816 — a 16-bit processor that can emulate a 6502. The 65C816 forms the heart and brains of the IlGS and, like the Ro- man god, Janus, looks backward — to the days of the 6502 — and for- ward— to capabilities that go be- yond the limits of the 8-bit world.
As a result, IlGS not only runs existing Apple 11 software, but it is
'Vbusmirk.%ur opponent winces. libubowSo
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Practice lon^enaugh and yourfirtgen will be registered as tethai tceapons.
rtuit
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There are 8 of these creeps in all, each with their own disgusting personalities and revolting habits. Throw them from the ring. Crush their heads. Slam them to the mat. Pulverize their puny bones, ^u'll have over 25 moves to pin your man. You'll need over 250 stitches if you don't.
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One to eight players.
Affple U (£ compatibles.
Atari ST. C64HZ& ,
also capable of supporting the vari- ous user-interface tools (like menus, windows, and icons) that have made the Macintosh so popular.
Easily Upgrade Your lie
Lift the hood on the IlGS and you're treated to a view of a circuit board identical in size to the one inside the Apple He. This lets Apple offer a special upgrade for lie owners. For a modest price you can take your lie to your dealer and upgrade to a IIGS. Only the power supply, case, and keyboard are retained — the circuit board and basepan are replaced.
A closer look at the circuit board reveals a familiar set of seven peripheral card slots that accept the same plug-in cards used by the Ap- ple lie. But unless you have a lot of old cards lying around, you proba- bly won't have to use any of these slots.
That's because the back panel already features a game/joystick port, a disk drive port (which ac- commodates up to six drives in either the 5 'A -inch or 3V2-inch for- mat), two serial ports (including support for the AppleTalk net- work), composite video out, audio out, and the analog RGB video out- put. The remaining back panel port is the Apple DeskTop Bus — up to 16 keyboards and mice may be con- nected via this bus. (The IlGS is the first computer in the II line to be shipped with a mouse.) Expect to see a lot of interesting peripherals on the market that take advantage of this DeskTop Bus.
The circuit board contains 256K of RAM that can be expanded (through a built-in connector) to eight megabytes. The on-board 128K ROM can be expanded to one megabyte, another indication of the possible third-party support for this computer.
Several custom chips fill out most of the remaining real estate on the IlGS's circuit board. One of the most interesting is the "Mega 11" — a chip effectively duplicating an en- tire Apple He or lie. Don't be sur- prised to see this chip used to create a three- or four-chip Apple lie someday soon.
Sound, graphics, and the Apple DeskTop Bus are each controlled with dedicated chips, shifting the burden from the micro-
22 COMPUTEI November 1986
Software Support
While Apple Computer may not have announced any programs specifical- ly designed for the Apple lies, the company has gone out of its way to sup- port the development of programs by third-party vendors.
Apple's position is easy to understand. In the first place, the IlGS runs existing Apple 11 applications and runs them at three times their normal speed. This alone breathes new life into old products and relieves some of the pressure for creating software to justify the purchase of a new computer. At the same time, Apple wants to be sure that people know that the lies is more than a very fast lie— that it has many features of its ovm which justify the creation of new programs. Rather than dilute internal programming efforts to create one or two special programs, Apple has seeded many developers with systems on which to create programs of their own.
More than 40 companies have announced, or will announce, products specifically geared to the Apple llGS. Some of these companies are familiar names {Brctderbund, Electronic Arts, Scholastic, and so on), while others are relative newcomers to the field. Because the IlGS supports both the Apple II environment and also supports the Macintosh style of program- ming, the list of developers includes names well known to Macintosh users as well as to owners of the Apple lis.
The Development Path
Those developers who started early on the IlGS had to make use of the ORCA Assembler and frequent upgrades of the system software. High-level languages (like C) were made available late in the product- design cycle. This presented challenges to developers, some of whom took advantage of their prior experience to leapfrog their way through what would otherwise be a very tedious development process. Typifying this latter approach is Electronic Arts, a company known for an assortment of creativity software that is seen on almost every Amiga computer ever sold. From its begin- ning, Electronic Arts was committed to creating software with high-level languages such as C. The company's goal was to be as machine-indepen- dent as possible, thus simplifying the porting process to new machines (like the IlGS). As a result. Electronic Arts has converted (or will convert) its stellar Amiga programs to the IlGS and thus take advantage of the rich colors and sound available from this newest addition to the Apple family tree. According to Electronic Arts president. Trip Hawkins, the company has developed more high-level language programs for the 68000 than anyone else. The task of converting these programs to run on the IlGS is a lot easier than designing programs from scratch. Upwards of 25 programs for this computer are in development by this one company alone.
Desktop Publishing
Brederbund has virtually defined the home desktop-publishing market with its popular program, The Print Shop. A new version of this program, along with a host of other products, could help cement Brederbund's reputation as a premier supplier of home-based productivity software.
Education
The education market for the llGS is probably going to take some time to develop, simply because of the limited budgets of most schools and their reluctance to part with their present computers. But Apple's upgrade policy to convert lie's to IlGS's will help. In the meantime, companies well known for their interest in this market are actively developing programs for this computer. Among these are such familiar names as Scholastic, Spinnaker, and Tom Snyder Productions.
The Buyer's Guide
The companies listed in this article are but a few of many firms who are creating programs specifically for the Apple llGS. The next few months will be accompanied by a flurry of activity as others jump on the bandwagon for this computer.
The programs for this new computer will open a new world of computing for us, and it's most heartening to see so many developers quickly moving to support it.
Illllilllilllililililillliiiilllliiill
-lf^U-^-UJ\(jj^\ijli^u d V^''^^Ut"^V
Use The Brains your BM
WASN*rBORNWlTR
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The AppleColor RGB monitor has a 12-inch screen with a resolution of 640 X 200 pixels. When used with the Apple Ugs computer, the monitor is capable of display- ing graphics and text in as many as 4096 colors.
processor. The result is a computer that provides tremendous room for software development.
Turbo II
The IIGS dock runs at 2.8 MHz, almost three times the speed of the Apple He. As a result, programs designed for the older Il-series ma- chines run at close to three times their normal speed. This is an ad- vantage for some programs, but not for others. Most players would be truly hard-pressed to set new re- cords if games ran at three times their normal speed. To compensate, you can set the computer's speed to the "old" value with the IlGS's on- screen control panel. Games writ- ten for the He or lie will then play at the correct speed.
The control panel also lets you set the color of the text and the background, as well as the pitch and volume of the internal "beep." Again, while this kind of control is familiar to owners of Atari and Commodore computers, it's a wel- come addition to the Apple II line.
What About Software?
At the time of this writing well over one hundred outside developers were actively engaged in creating 24 COMPUTEI November 1 966
software for the IlGS. By the time you read this, the number is proba- bly triple that, with new entries be- ing announced every day.
Apple itself, however, is con- spicuous in its absence from these announcements. The company ap- pears to be content to provide sup- port for outside developers rather than dedicating its resources in ag- gressively developing its own pro- grams for the lies.
There's good reason for this approach. Unlike the Macintosh — a computer released with no immedi- ate third-party software support — the lies runs the vast library of Apple II programs. The IlGS is a machine that you can use from the moment you unpack it and set it up. As new products are developed to take advantage of the IlGS, people will move away from the pure Ap- ple II software and toward the newer titles with their improved performance.
David Thomburg is an associate editor with COMPUTE! magazine, a frequent contributor to other publications, and the designer of Calliope— an idea processor for the Apple He, Ik, the Macintosh, and now the lies. He may be reached in care of this publication.
The GS At A Glance
Memory
256K RAM
Expandable to 8 megabytes 128K ROM
Expandable to 1 megabyte
Graphics Modes
40 X 48 (Apple Ile/c low-res) 16 colors per scan line
280 X 192 (Apple Ile/c hi-res) 6 colors per scan line
560 X 192 (Apple Ile/c double-hi- res) 16 colors per scan line
320 X 200 pixels
16 colors per scan line
640 X 200 pixels
4 colors per scan line
Colors
40 X 48 (Apple Ile/c low-res)
16 colors 280 X 192 (Apple Ile/c hi-res)
6 colors 320 X 200
4096 (256 hues, 16 luminances) 640 X 200
4096 (256 hues, 16 luminances)
Sound
32-oscillator Ensoniq chip 15 voices Speech synthesis Reproduces sample sound Dedicated 64K of RAM
Microprocessor
65C816
16 -bit processor Clock speed — 2.8 megahertz Emulates 6502 for Apple lle/c compatibility
Ports
Game/joystick port Disk drive port
Accommodates up to six SVi-
inch or SVa-inch drives Two serial ports
Support for AppleTalk Composite video out Audio out
Analog RGB video out Apple DeskTop Bus
Connects up to 16 keyboards
and mice
Slots
Seven peripheral card slots
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■ Built-in telecommunications module to access on-line services — one toggle moves you between word processor and terminal.
■ Works with THE CONSULTANT for the C128.
■ New editing features include multiple columns, reverse video scroll and chaptering, with maximum document size now expanded to 999 lines.
CALKIT
for the Commodore 64/128
", , . the very best program of its type ... a powerful tool that's not overpowering ...the perfect spreadsheet for the home user "
- COMPUTER ENTERTAINER NEWSLEHER
■ Simplified, streamlined spreadsheet program with "What If?" capability for projections and estimates
■ Built-in application templates: Check Book, Budget. Installment Payment, Income Tax, Balance Sheet. Stock Portfolio, Materials Estimator and many more.
■ Formats are already set up, calculations are pre-programmed — all you need do is enter data.
■ Design your own customized worksheets to solve specialized problems
HOMEPAK
for the Commodore 64/128
"... inexpensive, powerful, integrated software. As such, HomePak is the winner oflnfoWorld's Best Buy Award."
- INFOWORLD MAGAZINE
...one of the finest values on the market. Performance: excellent Value: excellent "
- FAMILY COMPUTING MAGAZINE Three easy-to-use programs on one disk:
/. HOMETERM TELECOMMUNICATIONS
■ Powerful Macro facility — logon to your favorite bulletin board or database with one command.
■ Flexible data handling — save incoming text to disk, edit it, print it.
2. HOMETEXT WORD-PROCESSOR
■ Over 20 full-screen editing and formatting features: move & copy word-wrap, justification, automatic paging and many more.
3. HOMEFIND DATABASE MANAGER
■ Natural English-language data entry/ retrieval system, for simplified electronic filing.
All three HomePak programs work together so it's easy to transfer data and perform integrated tasks.
Telecommnilcatloas
Costs
Kathy Yakal, Assistant Features Editor
Learning to keep your telecommunications costs as iow as possible is one of the secrets of online success. Here are a few tips to help you conserve your money while still enjoying the pleasures of tele- computing.
There's probably no other personal computer application that can be as costly overall as telecomn^unica- tions. The initial costs are low: a modem, a cable, perhaps, and ter- minal software. And if you limit yourself to calling local electronic bulletin board systems (BBSs), your expenses can end there.
An Exciting And Varied World
But it's a rare computer owner who can resist moving out to explore the exciting and varied world of tele- communications. Your first taste of online activity usually leads to the desire to find out what's happening online across the country. So you start calling out-of-state BBSs, and maybe subscribe to an online service or two. Soon, you're facing startup subscription fees, monthly service and hourly online charges, and
steadily climbing telephone bills.
However, there are ways to economize online,
• Familiarize yourself thoroughly with whatever system you're on before at- tempting to accomplish anything there. Obviously, familiarizing yourself with the system is accom-
plishing something, but don't even attempt extensive online chatting before you understand the com- mand system and menu structures. Fortunately, most systems offer a lot of help in this area, and encour- age the user to spend some time getting acquainted. For example, the Delphi telecommunications system requires each new user to go on an online tour at the first sign- on. QuantumLink, a Commodore- specific service, offers guided tours to new users at regularly scheduled times. In fact, most of the major telecommunications networks at- tempt some sort of introductory ori- entation for new users, whether it's through written instructions or on- line tours.
When you're using
a system where this
kind of automatic
help isn't available, it's a good idea
to download (have
sent from the host
26 COMPUTEl November 1966
Quality Products You Can Depend On
Introducing the New MACH IV JOYSTICK It saves you Time, Space and Money
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The MACH IV saves you space because it doesn't require any desk space or special surfaces to operate. You can even use it on your lap
The r*/lACH IV saves you money because it costs less and provides a longer life expectancy than a common mouse. And with the flip of a switch you have the added advantage of a joysticl< control for use with your favorite game or simulation program.
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Available for the Apple IIE/IIC. Macintosh, IBM PC/XT/ AT and compatibles. The MACH IV for the IBfvl PC/XT and AT is a direct replacement for the PC Mouse from Mouse Systems, and is available with Designer Pop-up" Menus for use with: Lotus 1, 2, 3: Multiplan; VisiCalc, FlashCalc; SuperCalc; VitordStar; Multi- mate; Volkswriter; Personal Editor; Pf^SiWrite; DBASE II; Framework and Sym- phony There is even a r/licrosoft Mouse driver This means the MACH IV will work with hundreds of programs that support either a Mouse Systems' or Microsoft mouse.
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computer to your disk drive) Help menus (usually accessed by typing H or a question mark symbol at a command prompt), and later print them out and study them offline (disconnected from the host) until you know them well.
These menus often contain de- tailed explanations of each com- mand, and give you a good idea of the quickest, easiest ways to get around the system. It may seem a lot of trouble, but learning them will save enormous frustration, time, and money. The system opera- tors (sysops) at each network are usually available if you really get stuck, and most are quite happy to help. But remember, iJf you're trying to get help while online, you're gen- erally paying for the connect time.
• Once you've learned a system fairly well, consider using its Expert mode. Most systems, and even many BBSs, offer a mode for experienced users that allows them to bypass many of the menus and go straight to the desired area. You need to be sure you know your way around well before you start using this, or you could find yourself locked out of the menu structure and unable to go anywhere.
Switch To A Faster Modem
• If you do a lot of downloading, seri- ously consider getting a 1200-baud modem. While 300 baud is a good speed for socializing, it can be frus- tratingly slow when you simply want to download a program into your computer. At the same time, 1200-baud is often too fast for chat- ting, if several people are participat- ing online. There's no simple formula to help you determine whether or not the savings from fast downloads will justify the expense of a 1200-baud modem. While it's true that you're getting the infor- mation four times faster, most sys- tems have a higher hourly charge for 1200-baud use. In the long run, however, computer users who opt for 1200-baud service generally don't choose to return to 300-baud.
• Speed up your log-on time by using a more sophisticated terminal program. Many terminal programs let you create macros, small user-definable
routines that set up an automatic log-on procedure. If there is one area where you always go first, or one task you always perform (such as checking mail), you can add that to the macro and save some time and keystrokes. Here again, the savings may or may not be worth the extra expense of a new terminal program. But the extra convenience may play a part in your decision.
Use Off Hours
• Try to confine the bulk of your downloading to times when the sys- tem is relatively quiet. Systems that operate on a 24 -hour basis charge lower rates for off-peak hours (eve- nings and weekends), thus offering substantial savings. But even off- peak hours are busier at some times than at others, usually from about 8:00 until 11:00 in the evening. At those times, a system sometimes suffers from short delays, pauses between the time you type com- mands and the time they're execut- ed. You'll save some money if you steer clear of those hours.
If telecommunications at off- peak hours, such as 2:00 in the morning, is impossible, there are programs that will automatically log you on to a system at a specified hour, do the tasks you've assigned them, and log you off when they've finished. This doesn't necessarily require you to leave your computer on all night. If your computer can be set to boot up automatically when the power comes on, you can leave your disk in the drive and get an automatic timer that will turn the computer on and off at prede- termined hours.
Don't Edit Online
• Consider shopping for a new long distance telephone service that may have lower rates than your present system. This won't make any difference if you only call the major tele- communications services and live in an area with local-access numbers for services like Tymnet and
Telenet, which act as connectors to the telecommunications services. But i/ you're calling a lot of BBSs long distance, you might be able to reap some fairly significant savings if you switch to a more economical long-distance service,
• If you're downloading messages at 1200-baud, dump all of them to disk and search through them later. Searching through messages and deciding which ones you want to keep can be quite time-consuming. If you're at 1200-baud, it might ac- tually save online charges to dump a whole group of messages without stopping to read them and deciding which to save and which to discard. After you've logged off, you can go through the file and keep only the ones you want.
• Set an alarm clock next to your computer. This may sound rather silly, but it's easy to lose track of time when you're online, especially in your first few weeks of telecom- puting. Even if you don't feel you need to set absolute limits for your- self, it will alert you as to when a set period of time has gone by. Some terminal software includes an alarm clock function.
There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to saving mon- ey online. The more experience you get in telecomputing, the more effi- cient you'll become. You'll also find that all of the telecommunications networks are trying to offer ways to increase their subscriber base and their percentage of online usage. As a part of this effort, rates are getting less expensive, systems are becom- ing easier and faster to use, and there are more services being of- fered within each network. Increas- ingly, the happy result is more telecomputing for the money. ®
28 COMPUTE) November 1986
Available NOW from COMPUTE! Books
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Telecomputing Today
Arlan P. Levitan
The SIG Wars
It started in earnest when newcomer People Link became the first service to use the electronic-mail facilities and SIG message boards of its com- petitors to solicit new subscribers. While some telecomputing buffs appreciated both the irony and cleverness of this approach. People Link's competitors were not amused. CompuServe even amended its user agreement to specifically forbid so- licitation of its customers by its competitors. The CompuServe user- ID of anyone sending such mes- sages will be subject to revocation.
The People Link response was to take advantage of the ability of MCI's electronic mail to "gateway" to CompuServe's E-mail system, CompuServe was effectively check- mated since the only way to stop the unwanted message flow would be to shut off all messages using the MCI/CompuServe connection.
Since that time, things have been steadily heating up in a series of online border clashes. One of the most popular services offered by the commercial services is Special Interest Groups (SIGs), areas where like-minded users can exchange messages, chat online, and access public domain programs, A high- quality public domain program li- brary is almost essential to the survival and financial viability of a SIG, The SIGs are minded by sys- tem operators (sysops) who receive a share of the connect-time charges racked up by SIG users.
Whose Software?
About a year or so ago, some of the sysops who ran Special Interest Groups (SIGs) on CompuServe left to set up shop on other services. While most of the defecting sysops built their new libraries from private and user-group sources, some ac- qiured a substantial portion of their alma mater's library and used it as a base to build on. To this day, it's
common to see a lot of public domain material move freely be- tween services. In an effort to ex- pand their public domain libraries, GEnie eliminated connect-time charges for uploading programs early this year. Within a few months almost every other infor- mation service followed suit.
Even purveyors of popular "shareware" have begun to form liaisons with commercial services. In return for a percentage of the download charges, the shareware author grants an information ser- vice semi-exclusive distribution rights for a month or so. The early availability of new releases acts as a dravring card for new users.
The most recent spate of SIG controversy concerned a user (whose name we will change, in the tradition of "Dragnet," to "Dash") of a SIG on Delphi. Dash, a talented programmer, developed a great public domain terminal program for the Amiga called "Dashterm," When offered a lucrative sysop po- sition on CompuServe, Dash ac- cepted. Dash also modified his terminal program to include a no- tice that it was available only via CompuServe and could not be up- loaded to other services or other- wise distributed. This made perfect sense to Dash since he would get a "cut" of the connect-time charges used to acquire his program. Dash's old crowd on Delphi strongly ob- jected. Many who felt that they had helped find flaws in — or made sug- gestions that had improved — Dashterm felt that they were being given short shrift.
Enter another personality we'll call "Lear." Lear has been main- taining a set of public domain pro- grams for the Amiga on disk, which he distributes to the public for a nominal media and copying charge, Lear asked Dash if his modification meant that Lear couldn't include
Dashterm anymore in his public domain library. Dash replied that it could not be included, which Lear really didn't have any problem with. Lear was then informed by CompuServe that he is prohibited by the terms of the CIS User agree- ment from distributing any public domain software downloaded from CompuServe.
This touched off a tidal wave of messages within the SIGs of almost every commercial service. The pop- ulist argument: "If it's public domain software, there is no copy- right. An information service can't claim rights to it and nobody can tell anyone what they can or can't do with such software," To be fair, there was a tendency on the part of the most vocal proponents of free exchange to characterize CIS as the Dark Side of the Force,
The Information Police Are At The Door
CompuServe's argument was sim- ply that redistributing material from CIS in any form was contrary to the CompuServe user agree- ment. This includes giving a copy to a friend, uploading it to another service, or submitting it to a user- group library.
What's the bottom line of all this nonsense? As the legal eagles who joined in the online debate noted, CompuServe was within its rights. It's hard for any service not to be, since they all reserve the right to make any changes they deem necessary to their user agreements. The barristers also noted that at- tempting to enforce such "shrink- wrap license" policies is almost impossible, ..wait a minute — there's the doorbell; I gotta go. My wife says the information police want to ask me a few questions, (Editor's note: For CompuServe's view on these topics, see "CompuServe and Public Domain" on the next page.)®
30 COMPUTEI Novemtier 1986
CompuServe and Public Domain
(Editor's note: See "Telecomputing Today" on the previous page before reading this article.)
Philosophical differences have long existed between those computer us- ers who favor free access to software and those software producers and distributors who see computer pro- grams solely as a commercial mar- ket. Between those two points of view, however, lies a great deal of territory relating to software owner- ship, access, and distribution.
One of the most recent and heated debates, as noted in this month's 'Telecomputing Today" column, concerns the question of free access to public domain soft- ware and a telecommunications service's right to control distribu- tion of the programs and infor- mation it provides to its members.
A Bum Rap?
While some telecomputing enthusi- asts have recently fired salvos at CompuServe for limiting distribu- tion of the public domain programs it carries, the CompuServe organi- zation believes it's getting a bum rap. CompuServe officials say their policies — including the user agree- ment copyright of all material on the service — are a positive, contrib- uting force in the distribution of public domain software.
What CompuServe wants to protect, says Rich Baker, director of corporate communications for CompuServe, is its members' rights as well as the programs and infor- mation on the system, Compu- Serve's user agreement copyright notice does say that the information and programs there are for the ex- press purpose and use of the owner of a CompuServe identification number. That means no copies of any public domain software can be made legally for distribution with- out prior written permission from CompuServe, he says.
Selby Bateman, Features Editor
"The purpose of the [Compu- Serve] copyright is to protect the work that is on the CompuServe Information Service. That is for the benefit of our customers, so that if someone does indeed download some of the material and resells it for commercial gain, there's some recourse that can be taken to pro- tect our customers. That's the whole purpose of the copyright.
"From that has spun off a number of opinions, some that I think are inaccurate," he adds. "As it relates to public domain software, we encourage very much the use of CompuServe to post public domain software.
"First, we make a tremendous amount of storage available to hold those kinds of programs. Second, we turn off the clock for people who are uploading the programs to us now. So it doesn't cost them anything to upload the programs. And third, we actually publish an electronic — and soon to be print- ed— column that's called 'The Best of the Uploads.' We work with our system administrators and a free- lance writer to collectively take a look at the software that's been uploaded, and some of the more popular ones. Then we'll write about them and bring them to our customers' attention so that they can use them, too. So, we really encour- age the use of public domain soft- ware an awful lot on our system,"
Encouraging Public Domain Software
One recent article in a Southwest- em newspaper claimed that Com- puServe's copyright rules were, in effect, a claim of ownership of pub- lic domain software, says Baker,
"It was quoted there that our policy evades the spirit of public domain, and I took real exception to that because it really doesn't. Ev- erything we do encourages the public domain software concept, everything from our free uploads to
the fact that we publicize the good programs for our customers.
"It can easily be summarized by saying that the copyright is insti- tuted as a measure of protection, not necessarily as a measure of ownership. And it's something we feel is important for the feeling that our customers have that they can use our service, and what goes on there is protected and is in their best interests," he says.
Is such a copyright enforce- able? Baker admits that, to his knowledge, no one has challenged the legality of the user agreement and the copyright.
"I think once people under- stand the intent, they don't have a problem with it. And the term copyright — you know, this is just such a different medium. We're ap- plying rules, laws, procedures from different media onto this new me- dium. And therefore, in many ways, the opportunity for misinter- pretation might be a little bit greater. But our goal is to continue to educate people and help every- body understand what it is the me- dium has to offer — and the rights that people have to the information and the rights that the people have who supply the information. It's a continuing process."
For those members of Compu- Serve who may wish to distribute copies of downloaded software. Baker says there is a procedure. "It's just like any other copyright. They would make application in writing to us, and we would review it and respond in writing with per- mission or denial.
"We look at every situation as a unique situation. And we follow pretty much the guidelines that are a part of the copyright policy. With very few exceptions, permission is granted," adds Baker, "It very heavily reflects on whether it's a program or whether it's infor- mation. It really reflects on how it's going to be used." ©
Novembe; 19B6 COMPUTEI 31
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Send in the attached order card or call toll free 800-346-6767 (in NY call 212-887-8525).
Features
The Latest At Apple
An inside look at the newest products from Apple. Impressive hardware, sophisticated software. Interview: William Mensch
A fascinating talk vnth the designer of the chips inside the mil- lions of Apple computers. What we can expect in the coming years.
Business Applications
Mastering The Macintosh
Power software for the Macintosh takes Apple's innovative com- puter to new heights. Complete tutorial and application ideas. New On The Wire
Telecommunications keeps exploding — witness the new informa- tion services, new software, and powerhouse 2400 baud modems. Our telecommunications specialists look at all this and more.
At School
Experts At The Table
A panel of well-known software developers, educators, and computerists explain where educational computing has been, where it's going, and why. The Story Machine
Children of all ages can write, read, and print stories up to 20 pages long with this easy-to-use word processor for all Apple n computers. Solarpix
Educational software that entertains, this tour of the solar system is a dazzling display of the Appie's graphics power. Hi-Res Poster Printer
Print hi-res drawings in poster size for banners, signs, and busi- ness presentations. Two sizes and a simple-to-use menu make it a snap.
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Your Graphics Primer
Tips, techniques, and more show how to create impressive graph- ics on the Apple II, Power Sketch
This hi-res sketching program for the Apple II puts paint, draw, fill, air brush, and other tools in every artist's hands. Save and load screens to disk. High Rise
This unique game of elevators and an out-of-control robot is written entirely in machine language. Easily one of the best Apple arcade-style games we've ever published. DOS Adjust
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And much more
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ONLINE
UPDATE
Selby Bateman, Features Editor
// you're new to telecomputing, or haven't been online for a while, you'll find some pleasant surprises. The ma- jor telecommunications services have continued to add new features and to make their systems easier to use. Here's an overview of some of the newest resources .at your telecommu- nications doorstep.
One of the most rapidly evolving segments of the ever-changing per- sonal computer field is telecommu- nications, connecting your computer to other computers through telephone lines. All you really need in order to get started is your computer, a modem that trans- lates your computer's signals into tones that can be transmitted via telephone lines, and a terminal pro- gram that coordinates the actual transmissions.
Once you begin telecomput- ing, you quickly find that among the most interesting and varied on- line pursuits are the different tele- communications services that offer you hundreds of different activities and access to thousands of com- puter users.
Individual services vary quite a bit, depending on what kind of com- puter user each is hoping to attract. Some services cater to business cus- tomers, but a growing number are trying to interest home computer users. The major consumer services listed below don't include all of the
systems you're likely to run into. But, they have become the best- known major services among per- sonal computer owners.
American People/Link
It's been almost two years now since American People/Link went online with its combination of news, entertainment, conversation, electronic mail, CB simulahon, and games. Among its variety of online clubs, the Commodore Club con- tinues to be one of the most popular areas of use.
People/Link users are called Plinkers, and the emphasis is on interaction among members, ease of use, and low cost. Users receive regular printed information up- dates called LinkLetters. There is a Help system for beginners, as well as Advanced Mode, which lets more experienced members move around more quickly.
American Home Network, 3215 N. Frontage Rd., Suite 1505, Arling- ton Heights, IL 60004; 800-524-0100 (Illinois residents call 312-870-5200); non-prime time access rate is $4.25 per hour at 300 baud and $4.95 an hour at 1200 baud; prime time fees are $11.95 for 300 baud and $12.65 for 1200 baud. (Illinois residents pay $4.25 at all times.)
CompuServe Information Service
CompuServe remains the nation's largest computerized consumer information service, and continues
to add to its huge library of online offerings. The financial services area, in particular, has undergone extensive growth. Three brokerage services are offered for online trans- actions, and Wall Street financial information from 1973 forward is available.
One of the new financial ser- vices offered on CompuServe is COSCREEN, which lets investors screen information about compa- nies through as many as 24 differ- ent search variables.
In addition, CompuServe has added greatly to its database library through the IQuest gateway link. An additional 700 databases have been added to the approximately 400 already available on Compu- Serve. The new databases are pri- marily in the reference and bibliographical areas for such pro- fessional fields as health, law, real estate, and many others. The new databases also include many na- tional and regional newspaper files, as well as adding the UPI (United Press International) news wire. CompuServe already offers the AP (Associated Press) service.
Another service area undergo- ing major growth is the expanded travel information and transactions section. Using the Online Airlines Guide (OAG), you can book your own reservations anytime and any- where. There's even a ski reserva- tions service called the Rocky Mountain Connection that lets you schedule an entire ski weekend or extended ski trip.
November 1986 COMPUTS 33
The popularity of CB-style communication has led to a new digitized database of users' photos. Send in a photo of yourself to CompuServe, and the company will digitize the photo for free and include it in a database of all mem- bers who send them in. So, if you've been chatting online and made a new friend, you can call up the name of the person and see a digitized picture on your screen. This service is an offshoot of Com- puServe's earlier digitizing of pho- tos of the FBI's ten most wanted criminals.
CompuServe. P.O. Box 20212, Columbus, OH 43220; 800-8i8-8199; $39.95 registration fee; prime time access is S12.50 an hour at 300 baud and $15 an hour at 1200 baud, with non-prime time rates of $6 an hour at 300 baud and $12.50 an hour at 1200 baud.
Delphi
Delphi has added a variety of new services to its offerings, including Computer Express, an interactive shopping service that offers com- puter software and accessories at discount prices. Ordering is quite simple: If you see something of in- terest while browsing, you type the letter 0. Information on that item is stored in a personal file, which is called up when you enter the com- mand to exit. At that time, you can either cancel the order or place it.
Another new service is a classi- fied advertising section, which al- lows you to receive responses to your own classified ads either via Delphi mail or through mail/tele- phone orders.
For those visiting the Boston area, Delphi Boston is a special on- line service offering hotel and res- taurant guides, sports schedules, and other information of interest to residents of and visitors to the area. There's also an expanded travel ser- vice on Delphi now, which allows you to shop online for the best air- line rates and schedules and make your own reservations.
A new magazine and book or- der area lets you subscribe to vari- ous publications and even change mailing addresses online. In addi- tion, you can correspond with the editorial staffs of participating publications.
Delphi, 3 Blackstone Court, Cam- bridge, MA 02139; 800-544-4005; $49.95 registration fee; prime time access is $17.40 an hour and non- prime time access is $7.20 an hour.
Dow Jones News/Retrieval
Dow Jones is considered the pre- mier business and financial com- puter news service, and its databases carry extensive financial and stock market data as well as a growing array of other news and information.
Over the past several years, the subject areas included have broad- ened into many other areas. As with the other major services, users can find everything from general- interest news, weather, and sports to airline guides, college selection ser- vices, and an online encyclopedia. As with CompuServe, the number and variety of offerings are huge.
Dow Jones News /Retrieval, P.O. Box 300, Princeton, N] 08540; 800- 257-5114; $29.95 registration fee, which gives you five free hours; $12 annual service fee that's waived the first year. At 300 baud, prime time access fee is 90 cents per minute, and non-prime time rates are 20 cents a minute. At 1200 baud, rates are 2.2 times those at 300 baud. In addition, about 8 of the 40 online databases carry a surcharge,
GEnie
After only a year of operation, GE- nie has developed a subscriber base of over 20,000, and plans to have 30,000 by the end of 1986.
Some of the newer services in- clude the American Airlines Easy Sabre Travel Service, which lets you peruse fares and schedules, and make reservations online; 25 new SIGs (Special Interest Groups), ranging from computer-related areas to science fiction/fantasy to scuba diving; Hollywood Hotline, a database of movie reviews, both current and as old as 10-15 years; and suspension of the $5/hour sur- charge while public domain soft- ware is being uploaded. Of the approximately 10,000 data files available on GEnie, 75 percent come from users.
General Electric Information Services, 401 N. Washington St., Rockville, MD 20850; 800-638-9636,
ext. 21; $18 registration fee; prime time access is $35 an hour, and non- prime time access is $5 an hour.
QuantumUnk
In its first year of operation, this Commodore 64/128-5pecific ser- vice has received quite a bit of inter- est. Several months ago, new software for the system was re- leased, adding features such as a new downloading mechanism that speeds up downloads anywhere from 20 to 60 percent; a status re- port during downloads that tells how much of the download has been completed as you go along; reorganization of the software li- braries, making it easier to find pro- grams; an overhaul of the message boards for easier use; and an auto- boot program for Commodore 128 users, as well as an auto-redial capability.
QuantumUnk Customer Service, 8620 Westwood Center Drive, Vien- na, VA 22180; 800-392-8200; no reg- istration fee; $9.95 monthly charge (no additional charges except for cer- tain selected services at six cents a minute).
The Source
The Source continues to add ser- vices for both consumers and busi- ness users. Among the new services are SIGs, including those for Com- modore, Apple, and IBM comput- ers. Like other telecommunications services that offer SIGs, The Source offers messaging capabilities, pub- lic domain software for download- ing, E-Mail, and a variety of other areas of interest to personal com- puter owners.
There's also a new service called USA Today Broadcast. This is a special feature offered to those employed in the field of broadcast- ing. Gannett, publisher of USA To- day, makes editorial content available online prior to printing the actual publication.
The Source, 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, VA 22102; 800-336-3366; $49.95 registration fee, which in- cludes 300-page manual. Billing is $10 a month or your usage, whichever is greater. At 300 baud, prime time access is 36 cents a minute and no7i- prime time is 14 cents a minute; at 1200 baud, prime time rate is 43 cents per minute and non-prime time is 18 cefits a minute. ®
34 COMPUTEI November 1986
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X*Press Information Service
The Cable TV And Personal Computer Connection
Kathy Yakal, Assistant Features Editor
One of the benefits of computer telecommunications is that infor- mation from many different sources is instantly available. Traditionally, that process has involved using a modem and terminal software. But recently a new cable TV-based information service was introduced that offers personal computer own- ers immediate access to news from around the world.
X*Press Information Services of Golden, Colorado, recently be- gan offering a new way to harness the power of satellite transmissions, combining cable television and a personal computer. This service, called X*Press, lets personal com- puter owners who subscribe to par- ticipating cable companies pick up general news, business news, fi- nancial information (including stock quotes from all major ex- changes), weather, sports, feature articles, entertainment, and other information for a flat monthly fee. The same cables that bring in your TV programs carry this information service to your computer.
X*Press is a new approach to the efforts by various telecommuni- cations firms to deliver everything from home banking and shopping to instant access to news and other information. Experiments in video- tex and teletext, each of which brings information to your com- puter or television screen, have had generally limited success in attract- ing a mass consumer market. But X* Press, with its tie-in with cable companies, ease of use, and flat monthly fee, offers yet another po- tential market.
Teletext generally refers to the transmission of information to your television, computer, or a special receiver via a standard broadcast signal. On the other hand, videotex usually refers to a more interactive information process in which your
computer talks to a company's main computer. With videotex, for example, you might be able to buy stocks and bonds, select items to purchase, and engage in other in- teractive pursuits.
X*Press is closer to teletext ser- vice, delivering text on a multitude of topics instantaneously.
How Does It Work?
Satellite transmissions and other data are received at the X*Press Processing Center, where the infor- mation is coded to be read by the center's computer software. From there, it's sent to a telecommunica- tions satellite, which then transmits the information to local cable sys- tems. The cable companies relay the data via cable lines to a sub- scriber's home or office computer. This information is available to subscribers at the same time the information is arriving at newspa- pers, radio and TV stations, and news networks.
The service works with a vari- ety of personal computers, each with different requirements. Apple lie and lie subscribers will need 128K RAM and the X*Press Apple Software Module; IBM and compat- ible subscribers will need 25 6K RAM, MS-DOS version 2.0 or later, an asynchronous RS-232 port, and the X'Press IBM Software Kit; Commodore 64, 128, and Plus/4 subscribers will need only the X*Press Commodore Cartridge. Information on X*Fress is transmit- ted on each of these systems at the highest data rate a personal com- puter can now accept: 9600 baud.
After your system is set up and the software loaded, moving around within the X*Press system via menus is easy. You can choose to see stories in the three categories which follow.
National And International
Associated Pres
Business Wire
Canadian Press
Copley News Service
Electronic Media Services
Gannett (USA TODAY)
Monchik-Weber
P.R. Newswire
Sportsticker
Standard and Poor's
TV Data
United Press International
Washington Post Writers Group
Zephyr Weather Transmission Service
Foreign
Agence France Presse (France) Central News Agency (Republic of
China, Taiwan) Deutsche Presse Agentur (West
Germany) KYODO Oapan) Notomex (Mexico; in Spanish) OPECNA (Oil Producing and
Exporting Countries News Agency) TASS (Soviet Union) XINHUA (People's RepubUc of China)
Exchanges
American Stock Exchange
Montreal Exchange
NASDAQ
New York Stock Exchange
Toronto Stock Exchange
Vancouver Stock Exchange
Launched in January 1986, X* Press is already being used on 76 different cable television systems across the country, with approxi- mately 1000 subscribers. Subscrib- ers purchase X*Press through their cable service and pay a monthly fee, as with other premium pay ser- vices offered by cable television systems. They can access the infor- mation 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The suggested price for the service is $19.95/month. For more information, write to X*Press Information Services, 1536 Cole Blvd., Bldg. 4, Suite 250, Golden, CO 80401, or use the toll-free tele- phone number, 1-800-7PC NEWS. ©
36 COMPUTil November 1986
Become A "Plinker"... And Fall In LOVE With Your Modem
Meeting new friends is what People/Link is all about; whether it's via live PartyLine chatting or in one of the popular special interest clubs. There are clubs for computer buffs, hobbyists, dating, sports, religion, lifestyles, and more. And, of course, they all have complete upload and download support. Our private mail system even allows "power" users to send binary or ASCII files of up to 192K.
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REGISTRATION FEE |
HOURLYNOH-PRIME TIME RATES' |
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aOGbaud |
TZODbaud |
2400 baud |
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People/Link $10.00 |
S 4.25 |
S 4.95 |
S 6.95 |
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Genie S18.00 |
S 5,00 |
S 5.00 |
SIS, 00 |
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CompuServe S39.95 |
3 6.25 |
S12.75 |
$19.25 |
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The Soiree S49.95 |
$ 8.40 |
510,80 |
312,00 |
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Delphi S49.95 |
S 7.20 |
S 7.20 |
S 7.20 |
Rales in elfecl June 19, 1986. Rates subject to change. •Non-pnme rates in etiecl 6pm - 7am local lime & all day Sat - Sun.
You may call now to sign-up or to receive more information:
VIA MODEM
{800)826-8855 (312)822-9712
(ILilNDIS RESIDENTS)
fAMERICAN
VIA VOICE UNE
(800)524-0100 (312)870-5200
PEOPLE
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Name
Address . Citv
State
MAIL TO: Americiiii PEOPLE/LINK
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USE YOUR VISA. MASTERCARD OR AMERICAN EXPRESS CARD,
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Biker Dave
Here's a game guaranteed to bring out the daredevil in any computer owner. The original version of "Biker Dave" IS written for Atari 400, 800, XL, and XE computers. We've added new translations for the IBM PC/PCjr, Commodore 64, and Amiga. The Com- modore 64 and Atari versions require a joystick.
As the ramp nears, you focus your mind, tighten your grip on the han- dlebars, and accelerate the motor- cycle for the final approach. The deep, throaty cry of your machine's powerful engine drowns the spec- tators' cheers, and the onrushing wind pushes against your body like a gigantic hand. If your speed and timing aren't exactly right, you may overshoot the ramp and lose con- trol, or fall short into the line of cars.
Will you earn fame by surviv- ing the jump or tumble into ano- nymity with a cartwheeling crash? As your speed mounts and the side- lines fade into a blur, there's no more time to wonder and no chance to turn back. Only the utmost in coordination and skill will bring you safely to earth on the other side.
"Biker Dave" is a realistic com- puter game that simulates the thrills and challenge of motorcycle acrobatics. Type and save the pro- gram listed for your computer, and be sure to read the general game
Dovid Schwener
instructions as well as the specific notes for your machine.
Over The Ramp
Biker Dave begins by asking you to select one of the two available skill levels: The rookie level is easier than the pro level. With this prelim- inary out of the way, the program displays the game screen. In the upper left corner of the screen is the garage where you begin the ride. The rest of the screen contains the racetrack, with a couple of tunnels along the way, and a formidable obstacle which consists of several autos flanked by launching and landing ramps. Press the joystick button to accelerate the bike. Your goal is to ride down the track, through the tunnels, and toward the final obstacle, gaining just enough speed to jump over the cars without crashing.
That may sound easy, but it's not as simple as you might think. For one thing, your bike is a specially built stunt machine with no brakes. Should you reach too high a speed, there's no way to slow down again. And if you accelerate too fast, the bike rises up into a wheelie. That's not bad in itself, but if you acceler- ate too hard from a -wheelie posi- tion, the bike tips backwards and crashes.
As you approach the launching ramp, you need to go just fast enough to clear the parked cars, but not so fast that you lose control and
miss the landing ramp on the other side. A successful jump requires precise timing and sure control of the throttle. The score yon earn de- pends on the number of cars jumped and the number of at- tempts you made at that level.
Each time you jump over the cars, the racetrack crew moves the launching ramp and adds another car to the lineup. Unfortunately, the crew is somewhat unreliable and has been known to change the launching ramp's angle slightly when moving it. Thus, even though you may have jumped three cars with a speed of 100 miles per hour, there's no guarantee that the same speed will work every time.
At the pro level you must also jump a large hoop midway through the course. The hoop has a launch- ing ramp, but no landing ramp. Each time a car is added to the final obstacle, the hoop's launching ramp moves farther away, as well.
Atari Version
This version of Biker Dave is writ- ten entirely in BASIC and runs on Atari 400, 800, XL, and XE comput- ers. A joystick is required; plug it into port 1 before you run the program.
This program employs several techniques to compensate for the slowness of BASIC. Lines 1470- 1610 position the P/M (Player/ Missile) graphics at the same ad- dress as the string P0$, When a
38 COMPUTll November 1986
Better Than RISK
Power -3'ou know you love it
You used to play RISK as a kid. Maybe you still do some- times — whenever you can get enough people together.
Did you ever wish you could play by yourself? Or make changes in the map? Wouldn't it be great if you could attack North Africa from North America? Or Japan from Brazil?
Announcing Lords of Conquest'from tronic Arts.
It isn't RISK. . . it's better.
It's a conquer-the-world board game that explodes with new life and new pos- sibilities because it uses all the power of your computer. Every battle is alive with
A Crea! Strategy Game » Fiitf kinds of forces to fight with -horses, weo- pom, boats, territory positions, anj cities.
• Five kittds of wealth to fight for— gold, timber, iron, coal, and herds of horses.
♦ Fcrr l-^players. As fun for one as it is for four.
music, color graphics, and strategic challenges impos- sible in a board game.
Itnagine...
. . .having an infinite number of unique maps to choose from, so each game is different.
. . . marching your armies
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Neu' Worlds to Conquer
* An in/iniie variety of game maps.
* CTfote jour ou'n, or play airy of 20 buik-in maps like Atideni Rome, European U'ars, and The World. ' The computer can generate uniimited ran- dom maps.
onto warships for attacks across oceans. . . . great multi- player games, com- plete with treaties, trades, and treachery. . . .playing chal- lenging solo games against an intel- ligent computer opponent.
... a built-in game editor powerful enough to be called a "Strategy Game Construction Set." Lords of Conquest. No more mucking around with cards and dice and little pieces of plastic that roll under the couch. Now you're free to concentrate on more important things. Like exterminating the opposition.
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Sirfltegir Game Construction Set
• Variable game settings— joiiiet the iocations and abundance of resources, forces, and transport.
• You decide the luckfaaor.
• 4 leiels of complexity.
• 9 ievcis of handicapping.
ELECTRONIC ARTS™
How to order! Visit your reiai ler. If you are unable to find the product at your local r«ailer, youcan call 800-245-45 2S for direct VISA or Maaercard orden {in CA call 800-562-H12).Thc direct price is SJ1.95 for the Commndotc version. Apple and Atari versions coming soon. To buy hy mail, jind check or money order to Elecitonic Arts Direct Saks. P.O. Box 7 5 30. San Mateo. CA 94403. Add S5 for shippinu and handling ($7 Carudian I. Allow 4 wceb (or delivery There is a 1 4-dov. money-back guarantee on direct orders. For a complcie product caialoe. send 50« and a siamjied, self-addressed envelope to Electronic Arts Calaloe, ISM Gnen-ay Drive, San Mateo, CA 94404. RISK Is » registered trademort of Parker Brothers Co, Commodore is a resistered trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Apple is a registered trademark of Apple computers. Alan is a registered irademnTk of Atari. Boiderlands and Cosmic Encounter .ire registered trademarks of EON Software. Lords of Conquest and Electronic Arts ate registered tiadcmatks of Electronic Arts,
Lords of Conquest is based on the board game "Borderlands"" by EON — the creators of "Cosmic Eneounter.'"'
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JK ATARI >K ■ appkz ■commodore]
ATARI EPYX
520 St Monochrome CALL Karate champ 20.75
520 St color CALL Apshai Trilogy . . - . 24.75
SHD 204 20 Meg !
1040 SI CALL
^]^:::::.:::::2^ , access
Leader board 24.75
MICROPROSE
Silent Service 22.75
F-15 22,75
Conflict in NAM . . 24,75 Kennedy approacli - 23.75 Top Gunner 3 games . 19,75
HI TECH
Cardware 8.95
Panyware 8,95
Heartware 8.95
War With All - 1 2.95
Holiday Paper ... 8,95
BRODERBUND
Print Shop 24.75
Graphicslibl, II, 111.15.75 Karateka ., 17.75
o.s.s.
Basic XE 44.95
Basic XL - . . 32.95
Action . , 44.95
Mac 65 44.95
Tool Kits 16.95
SSI
Wizards crown 24.75
Gettysburg 34.75
Gemstone healer. . .24.75 Pharitasie S4.75
SUBLOGIC
Flight Sim 29.95
Night Mission Pinball , 18.95 Scenery disks . EA, 14.95
ACTIVISION
Hacker 15.75
Ghostbusters 15.75
Great AM Race , . , 15.75 Music Studio 32.75
UNISON WORLD
(520 St)
Printnnaster 24.75
Art Gallery I or II , , , 18.75
FIREBIRD (520 St)
The Pawn 26.75
Star Glider 28.75
TIMEWORKS (520 St)
Word writer CALL
Swift Gale CALL
Data Manager CALL
ACTIVISION (520 St)
Music studio - . , , . 34.75
Hacker 26.75
Little People 29.75
Painiworks 40.75
Hacker II 39.75
US ROBOTICS
Password 1200 139
Courier 2400 395
ANCHOR
Volksmodem 12 179
ATARI
XM301 39.95
MICROPROSE
(Apple)
Crusade in Europe . 24.75 Decision in desert . . 24.75 F-iS strike Eagle, . ,20.75 NATO Commander , 20.75
Silent service 20,75
Solo Flight 20.75
SSI
(Apple)
Road War 2000 , , , , 24.75 Gemstone healer, . ,24.75 Shard of spring , . , . 24.75
Phantasie II 24.75
Wizard's crown 24.75
Rings of Zilfin 24.75
Colonial Conquest- .24.75
Battlegroup 35.75
NAM . , 29.75
ACTIVISION
(Apple)
Alter Ego 28.75
Little People 24.75
Mindshadow 24.75
BRODERBUND
(Apple)
Printshop 31.50
Graphic Libs EA , . , 18.50 Printshop paper, , . 12.95 Bank St writer 128K, 42.75
Bank st spell 42.75
Camen Sandiego . , 22.75
Karateka 22.75
Captain Goodnight . 22.75
Mijppet cruse 25.75
P.S^ Comp 24.75
Science kit 35.95
MODEMS
Smartmodem 300. . , , 133 Smartmodem 1 200 . , . 377 Smartmodem 1200B , 347 Smartmodem 2400. , .596
SUPRA
1064 Modem (C-84). 49.95
Supra 300 39.95
Supra 1200 149.95
COMPUSERVE.. 18.95
COMMODORE
1571 CALL
C-64 CALL
1541 CALL
128 CALL
C 1 902-A CALL
C 1350 Mouse 39
C 1700 128 K RAM ., 145 C 1750 512 K RAM , , 269
Jane 35
GEOS CALL
Perfect Writer , . , . 45.95
Perfect Calc 45.95
Perfect Filer 45.95
TIMEWORKS
(C-64)
Data Manaser-128 , 42.95
Swiftcalc-l28 42.95
WordwritBr-128 42.95
A/Payable-128 38.95
A/receivablB-l28 38.95
General Ledger- 128 , 38.95
lnventory-12a 38,95
Payroll- 128 38,95
EPYX-64
Movie Monster 24.75
VorpolKit 22.75
Fast Load 24.75
Summer Game II . , 24.75
Super cycle 24.75
World games 24.75
Football 24.75
XETEC
Font Master II 64 . , 32.95
COMMODORE
1670 155
ZOOM
PC 1200 ST 189
PC 1200 XL 259
PC 1300XL/PFS 279
DSI
Messenger 64/128 . . 39,95
ACTIVISION
Alter ego 28.75
Hacker 18.75
Little People 20,75
Game Maker 24.75
Sorrowed Time . . . 18.75
Space shuttle 18.75
Music studio 22.75
Mind shadow 18.75
Road Race , , . . 18.75
Fast Tracks 22.75
Count down 18.75
Basketball 18.75
BRODERBUND
Printshop 28.75
Graphic Lib, I. II. Ill . 18.75
Karateka 19.75
Printshop Comp , , 24.75 Printshop Paper . , . 12.95
SPRINGBOARD
(C.64)
Newsroom 32.75
Clip Art 1 18.75
Clip Art 2 24.75
FIREBIRD
(C-64)
Elite 22.75
Tracker 28.75
The Pawn , . CALL
SUB LOGIC
Flight Simulator , , 29,95
JefSimulator 29,95
Football 25,95
Scenery Disk . EA 14.95 Set 1-6 69.95
JOYSTICKS
FROM
WICO & SUNCOM
6at Handle 16.75
Boss 11.99
Super 3-way 19.99
TAG 3 9,95
Slikstik 6.95
Economy 5.95
BATTERIES INCLUDED
Consultant 32,95
Paperclip w/spell pk . . 48.95
MONITORS
PANASONIC
TR-t22MYP1J"AmbarTTL 139 TR-122 M9P 12" Green m 139
TX-12H3P 12" RGB 369
DT-H103 10" RGB 349
HOURS
MonThur 9 AM-S PM Fn 9 AM.6 PM Sal 10 AM-6 PM
NEC
Multisync CALL
TEKNIKA
MJ-22 249
MS-305 RGB 309
HITACHI
MM-121B 12" Green.. . ,99 MM-1220 12" TTL Amber. 129 CM-1406C 13" color
wieabk 179
CM-1409 13" RGB 305
CM-1216D12"R6B 335
CM.1455S 13" 720x350. 525 CM.1457A13" RGB
720x460 679
ZENITH
ZVM 1220 89
ZVM 1230 89
ZVM 1240 149
THOMPSON
365 12 RGB CALL
PRINCETON GRAPHICS
MAX-12 Amber 175
HX-12RGB, . 458
SR-12RGB 575
LYCO COMPUTER MARKETING & CONSULTANTS, INC.
HOURS
Mon-Thur 9AM.8PM Fri 9AM-6PM Sa! lOAM-ePM
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SAVE r= PRINTERS
1080 ....$195
PANASONIC
lOaO 195
1091 225
3131 249
1092 309
1592 419
1595 595
LEGEND
808 148
1080 199
1380 229
1385 289
BROTHER
HR-15XL-P 359
1509 409
SEtKOSHA
SP-1000VC{C-64) ...165 SP-1000 A Centronics - 185
SP-1000 IBM 185
SP-1000AsRs-232....18S SP-1000 AP.APIIc .... 185
BP-1300 469
BP-5200 649
BP-S420 999
Color Kil 119
BP-5420 ribbon 12.50
SP-1000 ribbon 8.50
CITIZEN
120-D 179
MSP-10 285
MSP-15 385
MSP-20 325
MSP-25 485
Premier 35 , . . 469
COLOR RIBBONS AVAILABLE!
EPSON
LX80 CALL
FX85 CALL
DX10 CALL
DX20 CALL
DX35 CALL
HI80 CALL
HS80 , . CALL
FX286 CALL
LQ800 CALL
LQ1000 CALL
JUKI
Juki 61 00 CALL
RS-232 Serial board . . . S5
S100 tractor 119
6100 sheet feeder . . 209
5510 Juki , .CALL
Juki 6300 CALL
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321 P/S, . . , 495
351 sheet feeder .... 529
P341P 969
P341S 999
P351-H 1149
NX-10...CALL
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292 499
293 599
120 NLO 205
182 214
1 92 348
93 CALL
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D 1040 CALL
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SD.10 319
SD-15 438
SR-10 469
SR-15 578
SB-10 589
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D25 549
P-32 CQ1 699
635 1029
P-38 1749
D-80 1F 2395
COLOR RIBBONS AVAILABLE!
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Atari
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130XE 6,99
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CIZ8 7.99
1S71/1541 6.99
1902 10.95
1702 8.99
C64«ic20 .6,99
Panasonic
1090/1091 8.99
1092 8.99
kl093 9.9fl .
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COMTEL
Enhancer 2000 (C-64) 149
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Print shop 34.95
Graphics Lib 1 22.95
Graphics Lib 2 22.95
Ancient Art of War. .22.95
Karateka , 22,95
Toyshop 39.95
Print shop paper . . . 12.95
SUBLOGIC
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Jet Simulator 34.95
Scenery disks . . EA. 14.95
Set 1-6 69,95
S.D. Japan. . 14.95
S.D. San Fran 14.95
S.D. Wash, D.C. . , 14.95 S.D. New York City . 14.95
QUADRAM
Gold Ouadboard 399
Stiver Ouadboard ... 229 Quadboard 199
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Borrowed Time ... 24.75 Tass Times .... 24.75
Shanghai 24,75
Mindsnadows 24.75
Music studio 29.95
Alter Ego 29.95
Alter Ego M 29.55
Pebble Beach golf . 29.95
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player/missile needs to be moved or changed, this string is modified with BASIC string commands. Lines 1650-1700 read various bike images into separate strings, which are later made part of P0$. Since the ramp images don't change, they are read directly into memory.
When the bike enters or exits the garage and tunnels, it goes in front of the blue opening, but be- hind the yellow or green walls. Similarly, the bike jumps through the hoop by going in front of the red portion, but behind the green. Line 1710 prepares for these three- dimensional graphic effects by put- ting a special value in the priority register (location 623).
Although the bike travels right, left, and then right again, the program itself doesn't follow that flow. The code that performs the actual jump is located near the be- ginning of the program. Since lines vnth low line numbers run faster, this insures that the speed-critical portions of the program work as quickly as possible.
Commodore 64 Version
A joystick is required to play the 64 version of Biker Dave (Program 2), which includes a flaming hoop midway through the course. Plug the joystick into port 2 before you run the program. To accelerate the bike, hold down the joystick but- ton. There is no rookie level in this version; the game ends when you crash your last bike or succeed in jumping nine cars at once.
IBM PC/PCjr Version
The IBM PC/PCjr version of Biker Dave (Program 3) requires cartridge BASIC for the PCjr, or BASICA and a color/graphics card for the PC. Press the space bar to accelerate the motorcycle. One skill level is pro- vided; the game ends when you succeed in jumping nine cars at a time or run out of bikes.
Amiga Version
In this version of Biker Dave (Pro- gram 4) the left mouse button con- trols your speed. (Avoid the right button; pressing it may crash the program.) The game has no rookie level; it ends when you manage to jump nine cars at once or crash your last bike. You may wish to adjust
"Biker Dave" for Atari 400, 800, XL, and XE computers lets you vicariously experience the thrills of motorcycle acrobatics.
the speed at which the left button responds by using the Preferences tool from the Workbench.
For Instajctlons on entering these listings, please refer to "COMPUTE I's Guide to Typing In Programs" in this issue of COMputei.
Program 1: Biker Dave For Atari 400, 800, XL, And XE
r.t. 40
LD 50
KK ae
LD 70 JF 80 FL 89
EP 90 HD 100 LF 1 10
m 120
K 130 BB 140
HP 150
|
SC 160 |
|
JQ 170 |
|
m 1B0 |
|
HM 190 |
|
P6 200 |
|
KJ 210 |
|
JA 220 |
|
SJ 2 30 |
|
AG 24 0 |
|
BP 2S0 |
|
KJ 2h0 |
|
KC 270 |
|
DO 280 |
|
HK290 |
|
EE 300 |
|
MP 310 |
|
BO 320 |
|
JH 330 |
|
FI 339 |
BOSl'B 1410 QQSUB 1940 GOSUB 3100 GDSUS 2B20 GC3T0 590
REM JUMP BIKE LEFT (PR O ONLY)
P0« (68,e0)-BL* P0»(11S, 12a)=LEFT«
I = I-1NT (SP/'50> -1 : IF I <117+CARS«4 THEN 170 POKE 53248, I SOUND 0, 45-SP/10, 2,8
SP=SP+5»(STRIB(0)=0) :
POSITION 19+(SP<100)+
<SP< 10) , 12: ? SP;
FOR J-1 TO 250-SP*SP:
NEXT J
aOTD 110
P0* (lis, 130)=JUMPL*: P
DKE 53278,0
V=((SP/10+30>*VV)«((S
P/10+30) »VV) : Y=0
FOR 1=25 TO 1000 STEP INT (SP/50) +1
Yl= (-1+ ( 16«I«I/V) ) : IF Y1>0 THEI^ 260
P0* < Y+1 IB, Y+130)=BL»
P0« ( Yl+1 IB, YI+130)=JU
MPL*: Y=Y1
TRAP 890!POKE 53248, <
143+CARS*4) -I
IF PEEK(53252) >10 THE
N FLAG=1:G0T0 S90
NEXT I
IF ( 143 + CARS«4) -K55
THEN FLfiG=l:GDTO 890
P0« (20, 2S0)=BL«
I=(143+CflRSt4)-I:SOTD 820
P0» (US, 128)=LEFT»
I =«I-INT( SP/50) -1: POKE 5324S, I
FOR K=l TO 250-SP*SP!
NEXT K
NEXT J
GOTO 1070
REM JUMP BIKE RIGHT
|
N« 340 |
P0»<1 IB, 12B)=BL» |
|
HP 350 |
P0»(182, 192)=-RIQHT* |
|
HJ 360 |
I-I+INT(SP/50)+l: IF I |
|
>163-CftRS*B THEN 420 |
|
|
EE 370 |
POKE 5324S, I |
|
flL 380 |
SOUND 0,45-SP/10, 2, B |
|
BI 390 |
SP=SP+5» (STRIQC0)»0): |
|
POSITION 19+(SP<100)+ |
|
|
(SP< 10) , 12: ? SP; |
|
|
m 400 |
FDR J=l TO 250-SP»SP: |
|
NEXT J |
|
|
BH410 |
GOTO 360 |
|
Kf 4 20 |
P0« (182, 194)=JUMPR« |
|
I1B 430 |
V=(tSP/10+30)tVV)t((S |
|
P/10 + 30) *VV) 5 Y-0 |
|
|
NL 440 |
FOR 1=25 TO 1000 STEP |
|
INT (SP/50) + l |
|
|
PH 4 50 |
Yl=(-I+(16tI*I/V) ) : IF |
|
Y1>0 THEN 520 |
|
|
OL 460 |
P04 (Y+182,Y+194)=BL« |
|
XI 470 |
P0»(Y1+1S2,Y1+194)=JU |
|
MPR»: Y=Y1 |
|
|
DA 480 |
POKE 53278,0 |
|
ND 490 |
TRAP B90:POKE 53248,1 |
|
+142-CftRS«B |
|
|
Nt 500 |
IF PEEK (53252) >1 THEN |
|
890 |
|
|
BO S10 |
NEXT I |
|
JO 520 |
IF I+142-CARS»8>195 T |
|
HEN 890 |
|
|
KB 530 |
P0* {20,250)=BL* |
|
M 540 |
P0*(ie2, 192) -RIGHT* |
|
OH 550 |
FDR J=I+142-CARS*8 TO |
|
220SPDKE 53248, J |
|
|
m 5 60 |
FDR K-1 TO Z50-SP»SP: |
|
NEXT K |
|
|
CF 570 |
NEXT J |
|
JO 580 |
SOTO 1070 |
|
Ft 5B9 |
REM MOVE BIKE RIGHT |
|
OJ 590 |
FOR 1=1 TD 5:P0SITI0N |
|
12,8:? "6 E T |
|
|
t3 SPflCES>R E A D Y"; |
|
|
sFOR J-1 TD 50:NEXT J |
|
|
:POSITI0N 12,8:? " |
|
|
ti7 spaces:)"; |
|
|
BE 600 |
FOR J-1 TO 50:NEXT J: |
|
NEXT I:FOR 1=1 TO 50: |
|
|
NEXT 1 |
|
|
AP 610 |
POKE 77,0:P0« ( 180, 192 |
|
)=BL« |
|
|
BP 620 |
POKE 53248,67: P0«(70, |
|
a0)=RIGHT« |
|
|
HJ 630 |
BP=-5: STP-l : 1=66 |
|
LH 640 |
I=I+INT(3P/50)+l: IF I |
|
>192 THEN GOTO 90+(PR |
|
|
D=0) *720 |
|
|
£f 650 |
POKE 53248, 1 |
|
All 660 |
SOUND 0,45-SP/10,2,8 |
|
IJ 670 |
SP-SP+5* (STRIQC0) -0> : |
|
POSITION 19+(SP<100)+ |
|
|
(SP< 10) , 12: ? SP; |
|
|
NH6a0 |
FOR J=l TO 250-SP«SP: |
|
NEXT J |
|
|
i;n&90 |
IF SP>SP1 THEN 740 |
|
« 700 |
IF SP>SP2 THEN 720 |
|
BL 710 |
QOTO 640 |
|
HP 720 |
P0»(68,80)="aUMPR* |
|
GN 730 |
QOTO 640 |
|
KF 740 |
P0S(6a,a0)=BL«:SaUND |
|
0, 10,4,8 |
|
|
AO750 |
FOR K=I TO 192:PQKE 7 |
|
04, K |
|
|
EJ 760 |
POKE 53248, K |
|
HH 770 |
IF RND(0>>0.S THEN P0 |
|
*(72, 7a)=RI6HT«:GDTD |
|
|
790 |
|
|
IN 780 |
P0* (72,78>=JUMPR« |
|
a 790 |
NEXT K |
|
ID 800 |
POSITION 19, 12: ? "000 |
|
■'; : TRIES = TRIES-H ! GOTO |
|
|
980 |
|
|
AC 809 |
REM MOVE BIKE LEFT |
42 COMPUTEI November 1986
i
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Make your BASIC programs
Convert them to high-speed
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Let your '64 speak Pascal
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Complete BASIC compiler and development package. Speed up your programs St lo 35x. Compile lo machine code, compact p-code or both. '128 version: 40 or 80 col. monitor output and FAST-mode operation. '128 version includes extensive 80-page programet's guide. A great package that no software library should t>e wilhoul. C-128 $59.95 C-64 $39. 9S
Super Pascal Compllar
Not just a compiler, but a complete system for develop- ing applications in Pascal- with graphics. Extensive editor with search, replacs, renumber, etc. Standard J & W compiler that generates machine code. High-speed disk access. 4aK RAM is avajlatile. tf you want to learn Pascal or In develop software using the best tools avail- able-Supar Paacal is your first choice. C-64 959. 9S
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Use your '1 28 to communicate with the outside world
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97.Stl |
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22.45 |
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27 95 |
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Crypt ot Medea |
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32.95 |
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Fntpfes 1 thru 13 ea. 13.00 |
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20,45 |
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36995 |
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64,95 |
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Sidekick not protected 44.C0 |
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42.00 |
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Speedkey |
104.95 |
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2S.0D |
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SupefCalc 3 |
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Toy Shop
Transylvania
Trin4y
Triple-Dump
Turbo Database TIOi
Turbo Pascal 3,0
Turbo Tvtor
Type I
Ullima III
Ultima IV
Understanding HE
Universal file conv
Utility City
Video Toolbox
VisaOle 6502
Witderness
Winter Games
Wl!»dry
WijariJ s Toolbox
Wiiprinl
Word Handler
Word Perfect
World's Grist Ftbati
Write Choice
34.93 94.95 23.95 19.45 69,95 69,95 69,95 69,95 174.95 15.95 39.95 48.9S 23.95 26.69 13.95 21.95 17.95 14.95 25.69 24.95 51-95 32,93 23,50 64,95 24,95 39,95 52.95 64,95 20.00 29.95 12,69 24.25 29.95 24.75 26CD 23.75 23.75 23.75 23.75 23,75 23,75 23,75 23,75 22,45 109,95 54.50 38.69 64.95 57.45 12.00 39.96 11.95 27.95 18,95 27,95 34.95 20.S0 29.95 33-25 33.25 17.95 24.95 15.25 23.S5 31.75 38.95 21,45 26,50 23,95 14,26 39,95 125,95 22.45 26.45
|
Acroiel |
24.95 |
|
Air Rescue 1 |
24.95 |
|
Raids Tale |
27.50 |
|
Ballblazef |
23.49 |
|
Back to Basics |
134.95 |
|
Bank Slreel Storybook |
27.95 |
|
Bank Slreel Speller |
34.9b |
|
Bank Street Writer |
34,95 |
|
Basic Toolkit |
29,95 |
|
Blazing Paddies |
24.95 |
|
Brmed Time 64/123 |
20.95 |
|
Color Me |
20.95 |
|
Cnldvnn to Shtdnn |
20.95 |
|
Fast Tracks |
20.95 |
|
Gertrude's Secrets |
20.95 |
|
GtJoe |
19.95 |
|
Graphics Magician |
27,95 |
|
Giappler CD |
re,95 |
|
Grt Amer Road Race |
20,95 |
|
Hacker |
20.95 |
|
Jet 641128 |
27.95 |
|
Jet Combat Simulator |
20.95 |
|
Karate ka |
19.45 |
|
Kennedy Approach |
24.95 |
|
Kola Pad |
54.95 |
|
Kung Fu |
20,95 |
|
Littie CoiTip. People |
24,95 |
|
Mail Order Monsters |
24,95 |
|
Merlin |
34.95 |
|
Mrg Alley Ace |
24.95 |
|
MuUiplan 641123 |
43.95 |
|
Music Shop |
31.95 |
|
Mato Commander |
19,75 |
|
Paper Clip |
41,95 |
|
PFS: Frie |
34,95 |
|
Print Shop |
29,95 |
|
Print Shop Comp, |
21,95 |
|
Pr. ShopGr. 1.2. or 3 |
13,95 |
|
Rescue on Fraclatjs |
23.50 |
|
Scrabble 64.'1 26 |
27.95 |
|
Sideways |
20.95 |
|
Srieht Service |
19.95 |
|
Sprtfire Ace |
20.95 |
|
Spreadsheet |
34.95 |
|
Spy vs. Spy |
20,95 |
|
Sticky Bear ABC |
219b |
|
Numbers |
20,95 |
|
Opposltes |
30.93 |
|
Shapes |
20,S5 |
|
Summer Games 1 or li |
22.45 |
|
Temple of Apshai Trrl |
22.45 |
|
Wrnter Games |
21.45 |
|
Worid s Grist Bsbali |
19.45 |
|
World's Grist Fibail |
22-45 |
ClipAri|yoli| Clip An (Vol 2| Copy It •
Crossword Magrc Crusade in Europe Cut & Paste Cutthroats Deadline Early Ganes Easy as ABC's Enchanter Family Roote Flight Sin II Fraction Factory F.15 Strike Eagle Ghost Busters Hitchhiker's Guide Infidel
Load Runner Magic Spells Maslertype Math Blaster Micro Lg Baseball Micro Lg Manager Micro Lg, Team Mind FoffiMer Voy, Music Construction Newsroom One-OnOne Pitstop II Pianetfali Print Shop flelill Reader Rabbit Sargon III Sat (Harcort Brace) Seastalker Sorcerer Solo Flight Speed Reader IE Spoil It Spy Hunter Starcross Suspect Suspended Temple ol Apshel Tri Typing Tutor ill Will Writer Wishbrirger Witness Word Altack Word Spinner World's Grtsi Ssbail ZorkI Zork it or III
15,95 21,95 18.50 30.00 22.95 23.00 23.69 26.00 1595 20.95 20.fS 149.95 30.50 15.95 20.00 22,00 21.76 26.00 19.45 20.75 23.25 2595 22,50 27,95 13.95 30.95 24.75 30.50 24.00 23,50 22,00 12,25 22,75 27,20 45.00 22.00 26.00 19,95 36,95 26,95 28,00 28,00 26.00 26,00 22,45 28,50 28.45 27.95 22,00 26,95 20,50 19,95 21,76 24.75
HARDWARE
CompuServe Starter 21.95
Datacase 7,95
Disk Notcher 4.95
Flip-n-File 10.95
Lemon 31.95
Lime 48.95
APPLE HARDWARE
|
60 Col. 64K Card (11 E |
49.95 |
|
Apple Cai II |
184.95 |
|
Disk Drive Hi Tech |
119.95 |
|
Gibson Light Pen |
146.00 |
|
Grappler BuKered |
114,9b |
|
Orappler - |
69.95 |
|
Grappler (senal) |
69.93 |
|
Qrappler C |
69.95 |
|
Hollink |
44.9S |
|
Kraft Joysiick |
25,95 |
|
Koala Pad - |
70,45 |
|
Laser 128 Computer |
394,95 |
|
Math II Joystick |
26,20 |
|
Math III Joystick |
32,20 |
|
Micromodem HE |
139.95 |
|
Mocklngboard A or B |
65.95 |
|
Mocklngboard C |
116.00 |
|
Mocklngboard 0 |
126.45 |
|
Mocklngboard AMAX |
38.9S |
|
Mulbram CX 512K |
■mm |
|
Muiliram HE !a.'64K |
124,00 |
|
Paddiesticks |
26,50 |
|
Parallel Prjnler Card |
44,95 |
|
Prometheus 12D0A |
254.95 |
|
Print-il |
123,50 |
|
Super Serial Card |
84.95 |
|
System Saver Fan |
59-9b |
|
Thunder Clock |
102,95 |
|
Wildcard II |
74,95 |
|
ZEE 80A Checkmate |
54,95 |
|
Zoom Hi |
109,00 |
MONITORS
MagnavQi Monitors CALL
AmtJek Color &00 1^4.&9
Samsung Color Mnlr 169,96
SILICON EXPRESS
5955 E. Main St. Columbus, Ohio 43213 1-614-868-6868
YOUR ORDER FORM SILICON EXPRESS
5955 E. Main Street Columbus, Ohio 43213
NAME
ADDRESS _ CITY
. STATE -
.ZIP.
CHARGE CARD *.
. Exp, Date .
|
QTY. |
DESCRIPTION |
PRICE |
|
Compu Phone |
pr Typfi SHIPPING |
|
|
Mn TOTAL |
No atSdHfonal surcnarge or. Uastefca'd. Visa or Scnooi puichase crders Personal crtecl^s allow 2 lAeeks Stripping cnarges B'e S3 00 mrnirntim OtiiO residenJs add 5' 7^2 s'.3\e sales i3x Prices Eubiecl to change wiIJucujI notice
|
Wildcard II |
74.95 |
|
|
ZEE 80A Checkmate |
54.95 |
|
|
Zoom Hi |
109.00 |
|
|
PRINTEFiS |
||
|
Star LV1210 |
199.96 |
|
|
Star NX.IO |
269.95 |
|
|
Star Powenype |
344.95 |
|
|
Primer Stand |
16,95 |
|
|
Okidata 182? |
229,95 ^^= |
|
|
Oklmale 20 |
■"">•"■ |
|
|
Colored prntr ribbons Color Paper Pack |
CALL ^^^ |
|
|
^^^B |
HPS10 P0« (iS, 80) -BL*
HN 820 P0* ( 1 18, 12B) =LEFT«
OE 830 I = I-INT <SP/50>-ls IF I
<53 THEN 340 E6 B40 POKE 5324B,I 1111850 SOUND 0,43-SP/10, 2, S BK 860 SP = SP + 5t (STRIG <0) =0) :
POSITION 19+(SP<100)+ (SP< J0> , 12: ? SP; HI 870 FOR J = l TO 2S0'-SP*SP3
NEXT J Kf8a0 GOTO 830 FHae? REM CRASH SEQUENCE IK890 POSITION 19,12i7 "000
'■; : TRIES-TRIES+1 : TRAP 980 (10 900 IF FLflB THEN 940 NF910 P0« ( 160, 220) =BL* BH920 P0« (185, 190)=RIGHT*:S
DUND 0, 10,4,8 CI 930 FOR J=I + 142-CARS*8 TO 24a!pOKE S324B,J:P0K
E 53256, JsPOKE 704 , J ;
NEXT JiGOTO 980 HC940 P0« ( 1 , 220) =BL« LI1950 P0* ( 121 , 126> =LEFT*: SO
UND 0, 10, 4,8 LE960 FOR J = 143 + CARS*4-I TO 52 STEP -liPDKE 5324
B,J:PQKE 53236, JiPOKE 704, J
Ff 970 FOR K=l TO 250-SP«SPs
NEXT K:NEXT j!FLAG=0 SO 980 O»PEEK(S60> JM990 FOR 1-15 TO 0 STEP -1 sSOUND 0,25,0, I:FOR J -1 TO I:NEXT J : POKE 5 60, (0-1 ) +RNDC0) »l!NEX T I A6 1000 POKE 560,0 1181010 BIKES-BIKES-ls IF BIK
ES=-0 THEN 1310 FO 1020 POSITION 36,13s? BIK
E9; Cfll030 FOR I-l TO 50:NEXT I HH1040 P0« ( 1 )=CHR« (0) sP0« (2
56) -CHR» (0) ! P0« (2) =P
0« :£1050 POKE 704,248! POKE 53
256, 0 JO 1060 GOTO 590 HC 1069 REM GOOD JUMP SEQUEN
CE LO 1070 POSITION 19,12:? "00
0"; KH 1080 SOUND 0, 121 , 10,8: SOU
ND 1 , 96, 10, SjSOUND 2
,81 , ]0,e:SOUND 3,60,
10,8 BE 1090 FDR I-l TO 2:P0KE 70
5, RND (0) «254+l!P0KE
706, RND<0) t 254+1 : IF
PRO THEN POKE 707, RN
D(0) «254+l EK 1 100 NEXT I 311110 FDR 1-0 TO SsSDUND I
,0,0,0:NEXT I ltl!1120 REM FOR I«l TO 3:NEX
T I |:D1130 sound 0, 121 , 10,e:SOU
ND 1 , 96, 10, 8:SDUND 2
,81 , 10,8:SOUND 3,60,
10,8 EH 1140 FOR I-l TO 20:PDKE 7
05, 16*(RND(0)tl5+l>:
POKE 706, 16t (RND(0) »
lB+1 ) : IF PRO THEN PD
KE 707, 16t (RND(0) «15
+ 1 ) EP 1 150 NEXT I BH1160 FOR 1-0 TO 3:SDUND I
,0,0,0; NEXT I
K 1 170
|
AA |
1180 |
|
LL |
1 190 |
|
EL |
1200 |
|
F6 |
1210 |
|
HJ |
1220 |
10 1230 JN 1240
OA 12S0
S-CARSt l0-TRIES«5+5: IF PRO THEN S=S+S FOR I-T TO T+S POSITION 20, 14:? I; : SOUND 0, I , 10, 12sSOUN D 0,0,0,0 NEXT 1
T-T+S: TRIES=1 POSITION 14, 13:7 TCA RS; : CARS-CARS+1 : TCAR 3-TCARS+CARS: IF CARS >13 THEN DQNE-l:GaTO
1310 VV-0.B+RND(0) *0. 1 SP1=RND(0> «15 + Bl+a«C ARS: SP2-RND (0) « 10+36 +B*CARS
FDR 1=.8 TO 0 STEP -1
:FQR J-1 TO ISsSOUND
0, J, 10,8: NEXT J : SOU
GJ 1260
1270 1280
lA 1290
JL 1300 AH 1309 LJ 1310
HK 132 0
ND 0,0,0,0
POKE 53249, I+162-CAR 3ta:P0KE 53251,108-1 /2+CARS»4! NEXT I A-INT tRND(0) «2) B- ( INT (RND (0) *6) *2) + 97
POSITION 33-2«CARS,l 0:? CHR* (B+12a«A) ; CH R» (B+12B*A+1 ) GOTO 590 REM GAME OVER POKE 53277, 0! GRAPHIC S 0JPOKE 559,2:PaKE 752,1:PDKE 710,98:PO KE 712,9a:POKE 709,1 4
IF DONE AND PRO THEN POSITION 5,5:? "Con Bider yourself King
One good book., deseives another... and another.,
COMMODOREc
AuiHonrrATivE
INTERNALS
n 1 1 r rrm nmi 1 1 1 1
AbLiCus
>■■•< l^HUL-tt U ti¥
SoHwarc
BASIC 7,0 INTERNALS
?WW all^
n-m nxD nrmoxD
rCW
V.yViVi'iV
I.I III. 1 1 1. 1. 1, 'I I
Abacus
Software
COMMODORE r^ Ptx-x^ t Mnr le uH I I
TRICKS & TIPS
ADATA Bt«E(nKXXI^»USHEOav
Abacus
Soflware
Detailed guide presents the 126's operating system, explains graphic chips. Memory Management Unit, 80 column graphics and commented ROM listings. SOCfip $19.95
Get all the inside information on BASIC 7.0. This exhaustive hand- book is complete with fully commented BASIC 70 ilOM listings. $24.95
Filled with info for everyone. Cavers SO column hi-res graphics, win- dowing, memory layout, l<ernal routines, sprites, software pro- tection, autoslarting. 300pp $19.95
And on... and on... and on... and on.,
u
PEEKS & POKES
Tt»C-'WCf*l
n
CP;M USER'S GUIDE
n ' 1 1 L' ' I i' rrmcnx'
Abscus]
BASIC Training Guide
Atacu stftttttB Software
COWUQCQFg,
0 na 1171 J
1571JNTERNAIS
Presentsdozensafprosramming Essentia) guide for everyone
quick-hiltera Easy and useful interested in CP/M on the 128.
techniques on The Operating Simpleexplanationof theoper-
system. stacks, ^ero-page. ating system, memory usaQSv
pomtera. theBASiCmifir-pfeter CP/M utility programs, submit
and more. S1G.95 (lies & more^ S13.35
To Start up (or add to) the most compre- hensive series of C-128 (or C-64) reference books, caJI Abacus for the name of your nearest bookstore or dealer. Or order direct by calling 616/241-5510. Add $4.00 per order for S&H. Foreign add $10.00 per book. Call or write for yourfree catalog of books and software. Dealers inquires welcome. Over 1500 dealers nationwide.
Introduciion to programming Insiders' Quide lor novicefi ad-
protjtem analysis; tl^ofougt) vanced users. Covers sequential
description ol al) aASIC com- & relative tiles. & direct access
manos with tiundredsot exam- commands. Describes DOS
ple^ monitorcommands utilities rouimea Commented listinga
mucti mare. S16.95 450 pd S19.95
CbTimodAra 12Si
• >M«.Tfm *( C4iwnAwi« EiaettM^ LU.
« I you can count on
Abacus
P.O. 80x7219 DeplCB Grand Rapids, M149510 Phone 616/241-5510. Telex 709-101 .Fax6irai-5021
November 1986 COMPUTEI 45
Bi fcor ! ! " : BDTO 1350 KE 1330 IF DONE THEN PDSITID N 1,5:? "Great Jumpi ng ! Now try the PRO 1 evel . " : BDTO 1350 HE 1340 POSITION 4,5:7 "YOU HAVE WRECKED YOUR LA ST BIKE ! " NO 1350 POSITION 4,S:7 "YOU SUCCESSFULLY JUMPED ";TCARB-CflRS; " CARS-
DI 1360 POSITION 11,11:? "FI
NAL SCORE IS ";T; U 1370 POSITION 5,18:7 "Pre SB FRIGBER to play •gain" HA 1380 POKE 559,34:POKE 77,
253 miZWe IF STRIG<0)=1 THEN 1
390 (A 1400 BDSUB 3100:BOSUB 282
0!BOTO 590 !I 1409 REM INITIALIZE PM8 HC 1410 DIH P0»{256) ,P1« (256
) , P2« (Z5i> ,P3« (256) FO 1420 DIM PLR(3) , MOV* (28) ,
A» (25) KP 1430 DIM RIGHT* (9) , LEFT* ( 9) , JUMPL»(1 1 ) , JUMPR* (11), BL« (256) : BL« ( 1 ) =CHR* (0) :BL» (256) =CH R« (0) : BL» (2) =BL« HP 1440 Pl« ( 1 ) »CHR» (0) :P1« (2 56)-CHR*(0) :P1«(2)=P 14 IE 1430 P2« ( 1 >=CHR»(0) :P2« C2 56)-CHR»(0) :P2*(2)-P 2« [0 1460 P3« ( 1 ) =CHR» (0) ! P3« (2 56)"CHR*(0) :P3«(2)-P 3« IK 1470 RAM-PEEK ( 106) -16 BD 14B0 POKE 54279, RAM K 1490 PMBASE=256*RAM DJ 1500 FOR 1-0 TQ 3 HI 1510 PLRtl )-PMBASE + 256*I +
1024 ft, 1520 NEXT I
K1530 POKE 106, PEEK ( 106) -4 :QRAPHICS 0:CHSET-=<P EEK( 106) ) *256! POKE 7 52, 1 : 7 Eft 1540 POKE 704,248: POKE 70 5,0:POKE 706,0:POKE 707,0:PDKE 710,0sPOK E 712,0 JL 1550 STARP-PEEK (140) +PEEK
( 141 > *256 81 1560 VVTP-PEEK ( 134)+PeeK<
135> »256 PH1570 OFFSET = PLR (0) -STARR EL15B0 HI~INT (OFFSET/256) PC 159 0 L0-DFFSET-HI*256 61! 1600 POKE VVTP + 2,LD 6C 1610 POKE VVTP + 3,HI HP 1620 Pl« ( 1 ) -CHR* (0) :P1« (2 56)-CHR« (0) : Pl*(2) -P 1« IE 1630 P2* < 1 ) =CHR* <0) : P2» (2 a6)-CHR«(0) :P2*C2)"P 2« IJ 1640 P3« ( 1 ) =CHR« (0) ! P3* <2 S6)-CHR«(0) : P3« ( 2 ) =P 3« Ft: 1650 FOR 1 = 1 TO 9 : READ A: RIGHTS (1,1 )=CHR* (A) : NEXT I (111660 FOR 1 = 1 TO 9:READ A: LEFT* (1,1 )=CHR« (A) :N EXT I JF 1670 FOR 1 = 1 TO 1 1 : READ A
: JUMPR* (1,1) =CHR« (A)
:NEXT I Jft 1680 FDR 1=1 TO 1 1 : READ A
:JUMPL«(r, I)=CHR*(A)
:NEXT I CB1690 FOR 1 = 1 TO 9;ReAD A:
POKE PLR( 1 ) +1+180, fli
NEXT I JJ1700 FOR 1 = 1 TO 9:READ A:
POKE PLR(2) +I+1B0, ft:
POKE PLR (3) +1+116, A:
NEXT I fO17l0 POKE 623,B:P0KE 5325
7, 1 :POKE 53258, 1 : POK
E 53259, 1 Of 1720 POKE 53248, 1:P0KE 53
249,139:P0KE 53250,1
80: POKE 53251 , 120 fifl 1730 POKE S59,62:PDKE 532
77,2 HA 1740 GOTO 1820 LF1750 DATA 48,32,40,52,166
, 255, 24, 21 1 , 195 Hi 1760 DATA 12,4,20,44,101,
255,24,203, 195 rE177fi DATA 48,36,39,54,44,
59,59,248, 192, 48,48 IP1/S0 DATA 12,36,228,108,5
2,220,220, 31,3,12,12 LB 1790 DATA 1,1,3,3,7,7,15,
15, 31 KL 1800 DATA 128,128,192,192
, 224,224,240, 240, 248 P! 1809 REM TITLE SCREEN DH 1820 A = 95: POSITION 7,8:A*
-"<3 SPACES>B I K E
RC3 SPACES>D AVE
{3 SPACES>" : BOSUB 18
60
SOUND 0,0,0,0
RETURN
P0* ( 1 , 255) -BL» ( 1 , 255
KH 1930
CF 1939
All 1940
PH 1950
L6 1960
OC 1970
ED 1980
HH 1990
PG 2000
KK 2010
HA 2020
FB 2030
FE 2040
OA 2050
.0.32,0
DATA 16,0, 168, 136, 13
6, 136, 136, 168,0
DATA 17,0,32,160,32,
32, 32, 16B, 0
DATA 18, 0, 168,8, 168,
128, 128, 16S, 0
DATA 19,0,168,8,40,8
,S, 168,0
DATA 20,0,136,136,13
6, 168, 8,8,0
168, 128, 16
OH 2060 LATA 21,0
8,8,8, 168 LO2070 DATA 22,0
8, 136, 136 HA 2080 DATA 23,0
8.8,0 L6 2090 DATA 24,0
8, 136, 136 OL2100 DATA 25,0
8,8,8, 168 PG2110 DATA 26,0
40, 40, 0 l(L2120 DATA 33,0
6, 168, 136 JK 2130 DATA 34 , 0
0, 136, 136 LB2140 DATA 35,0
8, 128, 136 t:B2150 DATA 36,0
6, 136, 136 LD2160 DATA 37,0
0, 12Q, 128 LB2170 DATA 38,0
8, 160, 128 LA21B0 DATA 39,0
B, 136, 136 |;L2190 data 40,0
8, 136, 136 HF 2200 DATA 41,0
32, 32, 168 BO2210 DATA 42,0
6, 168, 0 JH2220 DATA 43,0
0, 160, 136 KP 2230 DATA 44,0
8, 128, 128 LB 2240 DATA 45,0
a, 136, 136 KH 2250 DATA 46,0
6, 136, 136 LF 2260 DATA 47,0
6, 136, 136 LJ 2270 DATA 4B,0
6, 168, 128 LJ 2280 DATA 49, 0
6, 136, 136 KC 2290 DATA 50,0
6,136,160 OK 2300 DATA 51,0
8, B, B, 168 JPZ310 DATA 52,0
32,32, 32, |:K2320 DATA 53,0
6, 136, 136 DH2330 DATA 54,0
6, 136, 32, HO2340 DATA 55,0
6, 168, 168 Ee2350 DATA 56,0
,32, 136,1 AD 2360 DATA 57,0
6, 32, 32, 3 DO 2370 DATA 58,0
2, 128, 168 EL23B0 DATA 39,0
, 128, 128, 61 2390 DATA 60, 0
0, 85 LB 2400 DATA 61 , 0
,32,0 JJ2410 DATA 62,0
0, 170 JKZ420 DATA 63,0
0,255 LJ2430 DATA 65,2
5, 5, 5 602440 DATA 66,170,170,85,8
5, 90, 89,89, 90 Sn2450 DATA 6 7,170,170,85,8
5, 149, 101 , 101, 149 602460 DATA 68,170,170,83,8
S, eS, 85, 85, 90
168, 128, 16 168, 0 168,8,8,8,
16B, 136, 16
16B,0
16B, 136, 16
0
0, 40, 40, 0,
168, 136, 13 136, 0
160, 136, 16 160, 0
168. 136. 12 168, 0
160. 136. 13 160,0
168, 128, 16 16B, 0
168,128,12 128, 0
16B, 136, 12
160, 0
136, 136, 16
136, 0
168, 32,32,
0
8,8,0,8, 13
136, 136, 16 136, 0
128. 128. 12 168, 0
136, 16B, 16 136,0
12B, 160, 13 136,0
168. 136. 13 16B, 0
168, 136, 13
128, 0
16B, 136, 13
160, 8
168, 136, 13
136,0
168, 128, 16
0
168, 32, 32, 0
136, 136, 13
168, 0
136, 136, 13 32, 0
136, 136, 13
32,0
136, 136, 32 36, 0
136, 136, 13 2,0
168, 8, 32, 3
0
32, 128, 128 32,0
0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0, 42,37,5,5,
46 COMPUTE! November 1 986
a 2830
SI 3010 EK 3020 6R 3030 DO 3040
I BIKES-5; T-0I S-0i DON
E-0
9P1-RNDC0) *lS+ai+S«C
ARS:SP2-RNDC0) « 10+36
+atCflRS
POKE DL+6,5:POKE IJL +
7,4
FDR l-DL+8 TO DL-4-15
POKE I,5:NEXT I
FOR I»DL+i6 TO DL+2 1
POKE I , 4
NEXT I
POfCE 70S, 26: POKE 709 ,198:PDKE 7I0,132iPD KE 711,6B:PQKE 712,0 POSITION 16,1:7 "BIK ER DAVE"
POSITION 1,2:7 "{A> <B> CO CD} CE>tF>te} <«>■': REM CONTROL ft,B ,C,D,E,F,Q,H POSITION 1,3:7 "tlJ <J} tK>tL>{MJ tNJ tO>
tBJ
innrrr"!REM G
ONTROL I, J,K,L,M,N,a
,P
POSITION 37,4!? "rr"
POSITION 37,3:7 "rr"
POSITION 1,6:7 "ooap
mnrrr " IF PRO THEN POSITION
15,5:7 ■ N 15,6:7 07, 152 POSITION
iPDSITIO ' : POKE 7
1,7:7
HI 3070 as 30B0
Kfl 3090 JN 3099 N6 3100
31 li
OQ"
POSITION 1,8:7 "oo"
POSITION 1,9:7 "oq"
POSITION 1,10!? "ooo
pqWWWWWWWSWS
\\\«tj^fcf WWW"
POSITION 13,12!? "SP
EED!000 MPH"
POSITION 1,13!? "CAR
S JUMPED: 0
<9 SPACES>BIKES LEFT
: 5"
POSITION 14,14:7 "SC
ORE:0"
POKE 77,0:POKE 704,2
4B:P0KE 705,72:PDKE
706,72sPOKE 53277,2:
POKE 559,62
RETURN
REM SET SKILL LEVEL
POKE 53277, 0: GRAPHIC
S 0:POKe 752,1: POKE
710,72:PaKE 712,72:P
OKE 709,2: PRO-0: POKE
77, 0 POSITION 8,5:7 "Choo SB your skill IbvbI:
[E3120 POSITION 6,10:7 "ROO
KIE! Press your sti
c k up " IF 3130 POSITION 6,15:7 "PRO
! Press your stick
dawn " flD3140 IF STICK(0)=13 THEN
PRO-l:GOTO 3170 PD3150 IF STICK(0)-14 THEN
3170 HL 3160 GOTO 3140 t;F3170 IF PRO THEN POSITION 6,15:7 "PRO"iB0T0 3
190 lK3ie0 POSITION 6,10t7 "ROD
KIE" HL3190 FOR I-l TO 100iNEXT
I : RETURN
Program 2: Commodore 64 Biker Dave
Version by Tim Midkiff, Editorial Programmer
EF 10 POKE532a0,12:POKE53281,l 2
BH 20 PRINT"{CLR](7 DOWN} [ELK] lRVS)iJi{BLU}{S SPACES}B IKER DAVE WILL BE READY (7 SPACES} {BLK3iLi"
MQ 30 PRINT"[RVS}6j3(BLU}
15 SPACES }T0 RIDE IN JUS
T A moment!? spaces}
[BLK}gLHOPF)" MS 40 PRINT"{RVSjgJ3"f!PRINTSP